What age changes give rise to malignant neoplasms? The risk of malignant neoplasms increases with age. This is clearly demonstrated by the figures: in 20 years the chance to face the disease is equal to one of 25000, to 80 years - one to 10. Hence, every tenth elderly lady should be on guard. There are many factors that provoke breast cancer. Wrong food, too fatty food, late pregnancies are just some of them. At the age of 40 years, the glandular and connective tissues predominate in the breast structure. Each has its own mission. The first from the moment of puberty is in a state of combat readiness for pregnancy and lactation and after childbirth turns into a dairy factory. Its connecting "neighbor" forms partitions between the lobes of which the mammary gland consists, and the ducts through which the mother's milk should go to the nipple. Fat tissue in the structure of the bust at this time is minimum.
When the menopause comes , the amount of glandular and connective tissue decreases, the interlobar septa are thinned, the ducts are emptied. But: vacant positions are soon filled with fat tissue. And it is the best environment for the development of tumors. The fact that with the onset of female autumn the body stops the production of estradiol, a good hormone from the genus of estrogens. Instead of estradiol, his "brothers" - estrone and estriol, also female sex hormones - enter the arena. However, they can stimulate the growth of malignant cells. True, estradiol also has this ability, but to a lesser extent.
Why are those who fall into the "claw" of inflammatory breast cancer, every year more and more? What are the causes of "onco epidemic"?
The annual increase in the incidence is on average 3%. This figure is projected to increase. The first reason is an increased estrogen load on the ladies' body. Modern women have 300-400 menstrual cycles more than their great-grandmothers.
Each menstruation - a kind of bombardment of the body with estrogens (both estradiol, and its two-faced brothers). In addition, as early as the nineteenth century, the average life expectancy of a woman was 30 years: infections, illnesses that did not heal at that time, and high birth rates were reduced by the numbers of the fair sex.
Today, according to the latest report of the UN Secretary-General, the average female age is 68 years, respectively, the monthly women's lives last longer. The hormonal load increases the beer: more and more women prefer this intoxicating drink, and it contains phyto-eaten-trogen. Hormones of plant origin act in the body like "own". The second reason is a change in the way of life. It is known: among city dwellers oncology of mammary glands is diagnosed twice more often than those who live in villages. Residents of cities often work at night, stay awake longer, which slows the production of melatonin. One of the functions of this hormone is the normalization of biorhythms and protection from the appearance of tumors. Yes, and feminism "helped": the beautiful sex ruled the country, leads large corporations, pushes the bar. Meanwhile, the female body and its hormonal background are not adapted to such an intense lifestyle. Contribute their own sex and sexual problems. After the divorce, many ladies, having not arranged a personal life for the second time, plunge headlong into work, creativity, and the upbringing of children. Sublimation (the implementation of sexual energy in other non-sex activities) is a characteristic of our time. But the body counts on sex as a necessary support for his physiological needs two or three times a week. No battles in bed - no orgasms, no orgasms - the central nervous system and the pituitary gland, which also produces important hormones for the health of the bust, are not involved. The increase in the number of cases of inflammatory breast cancer in women is due to many reasons. In addition to already voiced, I can name one more: the wrong food. Yes, it's fashionable to watch your diet now, but so far many women use unreasonable amounts of fatty foods and meat, which increase the likelihood of an illness.
Many diseases are now younger . What can be said in this regard about breast cancer?
The first age window for cancer is 45-55 years (pre -, menopause and postmenopause). The second risk to learn about the disease are those who are 65-70 years old. And only then - young women. Fortunately, such a little. But it is precisely known: the younger the age, the more aggressive the disease. After all, in a young organism, all processes occur faster. Malignant, unfortunately, too. Breast cancer has grown younger, but in the majority - on a family line. Most cases diagnosing the disease in 30-year-olds are genetically determined.
What role does heredity play in the development of the disease and can it be argued with?
Genetics is responsible for 5% of diagnoses of "breast cancer". You can argue with it. It is worthwhile to study your pedigree to the third tribe, only - on the maternal line, and if someone in the family is faced with an ailment, find out the age in which it happened, to pass the gene diagnosis. There are two genes - BRCA-1 and BRCA-2, carrying the generic "cancer" information. In carriers of the first gene, the probability of the appearance of malignant neoplasms is 8096. Owners of two types of "inheritance" run the risk of encountering ovarian cancer. If you know about this and do preventive care, take care of yourself and take a regular check-up, the disease can be identified at an early stage and thereby ensure recovery. But, as practice shows, compatriots often choose the second method - do not do anything or even prefer not to know about the generic luggage. The third, "extreme" way is to remove the breast before the cancer is detected. No breast cancer - no disease. Such prevention is done by women aged 40+, immediately installing silicone implants. If the disease occurs at a young age, then most often it is due to genetics. Two genes, BRCA-1 and BRCA-2, play a role here. In Western Europe, approximately 10% of all cases of cancer are hereditary. In half of them, the cause is a change in these two genes.
If one breast is affected , how likely is the second lesion? What does it depend on?
The risk of a tumor in the I second breast is about 20%. But the probability of simultaneous appearance of neoplasm in two organs is very small - only 4-5%.
Conditions for the development of the tumor in both mammary glands are the same, so the risk of "neighbor" is 15-20%. It all depends on when the tumor was detected (the later, the more likely the metastasis) and whether the treatment was properly administered.
What are the main methods of preventing inflammatory breast cancer?
The best prevention of cancer in general and breast cancer in particular - is a healthy diet and sports, according to WHO recommendations, a day to eat five small servings of fruits and vegetables, exercise regularly. The latest science data - the adoption of vitamin D has a preventive effect against breast cancer. If there is a possibility of manifestation of an unfavorable genetic predisposition, a regular diagnostic examination or a more radical method is recommended - removal of both breasts.
1. Positive thinking and self-love.
2. The correct regime of the day, a competent combination of work and leisure.
3. Regular sexual life, avoidance of abortion (especially before the first birth). Repeated delivery.
4. Weight control, because obesity is an important risk factor.
5. Control of blood sugar, especially if you are diabetic. According to various studies, the breast affects 30 to 50 hormones, including insulin. It can stimulate the growth of cancer cells in it.
6. The use of vitamins, especially - A, E and D. Of micronutrients for health bust, calcium is useful.
7. From the age of 28 onwards, ultrasound of the mammary glands is performed annually, and from 40 - mammography.
Can breast cancer cause tight underwear and fashionable push-up bras?
I think no. But the bust does not like tightness, which prevents free access of blood to the body. Poor blood supply can be one of the factors in the development of mastopathy (the common name for non-tumorous changes in the mammary glands). I am convinced: mastopathy does not go into cancer. There are cases of cancer development against the background of mastopathy, but not because of it. This question I very often hear at the reception. The answer is always one - no.
Is it true that women who are not giving birth are more likely to have breast cancer? What is the role of breastfeeding in prevention? Lactation is a powerful preventive factor, but you should not get involved with breastfeeding. The optimal period of breastfeeding for both a woman and a child is 15 months, otherwise the probability of increasing the level of the hormone prolactin increases. It inhibits the production of progesterone, which protects women from the excessive effect of estrogens. Breastfeeding is a positive moment in the prevention of ailment. We know: the longer a woman feeds a baby, the more reliable her body is protected from the disease.
Self - examination is good or a ground for psychosis?
Soil for psychosis. You do not inspect the machine itself, but trust it to specialists at the SRT. That's better to "show" the doctor. We conducted the experiment: 1, 2, 3 and 5 cm balls were inserted into the breast mockup. Participants of the experiment, feeling the "chest" according to the recommendations of the self-examination booklets, found "tumors" with a diameter of 3 and 5 cm. Nobody felt any smaller "tumors"! A tumor with a diameter of 3-5 cm - this is the fourth stage of cancer, the most neglected. Conclusions are self-explanatory.
The effectiveness of self-examination has not been proven, but, as practice shows, very often seals in the chest are found by women themselves. Therefore, I would recommend that women periodically look at their bust. We, in Germany, have courses on self-examination.
What has changed in the treatment of ailment in 5-10 years?
Ukraine has improved diagnostic capabilities: there were gene studies and he-comarchers, new ultrasound machines and mammographs. Concerning oncomarkers in our country there is a persistent error that they are used for early diagnosis. Oncomarker research is the detection of antibodies to cancer cells. If there is no cancer, antibodies, respectively, too. The method is effective only for the diagnosis of recurrence or metastases. Moreover, sometimes there are false-positive results of this study.
In the chemotherapy of malignant tumors, drugs that are detrimental to only enemy cells have appeared. Such therapy is called targeted, that is, "point". The latest achievements of pharmaceuticals and medical technologies are usually concentrated in private medical institutions. The principle of operations has not changed: in Ukraine, usually along with the tumor, the breasts are also removed. I would like to see psycho-oncology develop in our country - a science that studies the influence of a woman's psychological state on the appearance of a disease and helps to overcome stress after leaving the clinic.
After all, a woman often remains tet-a-tet with her problem, and this shortens the life expectancy after the operation. In recent years, treatment has become more focused, individual. Doctors of the University Hospital Freiburg take into account the slightest nuances of the organism of each patient. Perhaps in the near future we will conduct a tumor investigation, and decide whether or not a patient needs chemotherapy at all. Today, chemical drugs are used when cancer cells enter the lymph nodes or in the case of a young woman.
Breast cancer is well treatable and in 80% of cases it is possible to talk about healing (if the ailment was diagnosed in time). In most cases, we keep the ladies breast, its removal is now irrelevant. An exception is several tumors simultaneously in different "corners" of the organ. Even if the single tumor is of an impressive size, with the help of preliminary chemotherapy, we can reduce its size and then perform the operation, keeping the breast.