Methods and methods of upbringing, their classification

None of us brings up children "at random" - each has its own specific model, scheme, plan. In some, education is built on the principle of "both me and me," some, on the contrary, try not to repeat the mistakes of their parents. What are the main methods and methods of upbringing - their classification and detailed description are set out below.

Conviction

Persuasion is considered the main method in education. It is based on the word, which simultaneously affects the mind and emotions of the child. It is extremely important that parents are able to talk with their son or daughter.

In pedagogical practice, there are a number of methods of persuasion. This advice, request, observation, instruction, prohibition, suggestion, instruction, replica, reasoning, etc. Most often, conviction is carried out in the course of interviews of parents with children, during which adults answer numerous questions of children. If parents can not answer a question, it is necessary to admit this and invite the child to look for the answer together.

Most often, conversations arise on the initiative of adults, if it is necessary to discuss the behavior of a son or daughter, the problems of the family, etc. There are a number of conditions that contribute to the effectiveness of the parents' conversation with their children:
Do not talk with children only when it is convenient for adults, not paying attention to the fact that children are engaged in something;
if the child is willing to talk with his parents, it is necessary to support him, to find words that encourage frank conversation, to treat with respect to the child's affairs, but not only to discuss school assessments;
take into account the age of children, their individual characteristics, avoid statements about the abilities and character of a small person;
it is possible and reasonable to explain its position, to recognize the possibility of the existence of another point of view, to take into account the interests and opinions of the son or daughter;
show tact, avoid dictatorial tone, shouting;
Do not turn the conversation into a repetition of common phrases, into instructive monologues, do not lose balance when the child stubbornly stands on his own.
And most importantly - for the conversation to be useful, parents should be able to listen and hear their own child.

Demand

In the practice of family education, two groups of requirements are used. The first is a direct demand, addressed directly to the child ("Do this only"). This group includes an instruction ("You will water the flowers"), a warning ("You spend too much time at the computer"), an order ("Put your toys in place"), an order ("Just do this work"), an instruction (" You've rudely talked to your grandmother "), a ban (" I forbid you to watch TV "), etc. The second group includes indirect, indirect requirements, if the target of the impact on the child is veiled, and as an incentive feelings and feelings of the child can be used. A good example ("Look, as my mother did"), a wish ("I would like you to be more attentive to us"), advice ("I advise you to read this book"), a request ("Please help me put things in order apartment "), etc.

Requirements for the son or daughter parents begin to show from early childhood. Over time, requirements increase: the student needs to learn to observe the regime of the day, he must be able to give up temptations and entertainment. However, along with the requirements, parents should provide the child with the opportunity to make a moral choice: go to a computer club or additionally work out a foreign language, visit a sick comrade or play with friends in the yard, help parents at home or watch a video, etc. The struggle of motives "want" and "it is necessary", independent decision-making contributes to the education of will, organization, discipline. The exactingness of parents accelerates the formation of these qualities. If everything is allowed in the family to the children, they grow up weak-willed, spoiled, selfish.

One of the most common methods of parental requirements is a request. This form of special commitment to the small, respect for him. True, quite often the request expresses a strict demand: "I ask you never to do this." The request, as a rule, is accompanied by the words "please", "be kind" and ends with appreciation. If the request is used continuously as a treatment in the family, the child develops self-esteem, a respectful attitude towards the person is brought up.

As practice shows, this method and the method of upbringing will be effective if the following conditions are met:
the age characteristics of children are taken into account (the younger schoolchildren are presented with no more than two requirements, and in a direct form), their individual psycho-physiological characteristics (one needs to be reminded, the other must express the demand in categorical form);
explains the meaning of the requirements, especially when prohibiting certain actions;
the requirement does not mix with petty tutelage, with permanent prohibitions;
preservation of unity and consistency in the presentation of requirements from all members of the family;
various methods of demand are used;
the demand is expressed tactfully, in a calm, benevolent tone.

An exercise

The educational impact of the exercises is based on the repetition of actions or actions. Junior students can not always consciously subordinate their behavior even to those requirements that they are familiar with. Only constant exercises in combination with the requirement, control by parents can lead to the formation of positive habits in children.

Habits are of great importance in the life of the individual. If a person has formed positive habits, his behavior will also be positive. And vice versa: bad habits cause negative behavior. A good habit is formed gradually, in the process of numerous exercises.

Exercise plays a big role in working with children. If the training task is accompanied by a number of necessary exercises, the student accepts them as compulsory. But if the so-called bare exercises are used in upbringing, they are ineffective (the student is hard to force to sit quietly, listen attentively, etc.). Educational exercises should be given an attractive form, interested in the child's proper implementation.

Exercises are necessary for mastering moral norms, when a purposeful transfer of knowledge about the rules of behavior into habitual behavior is carried out, which is possible with repeated repetition of positive actions and deeds. For example, a child is put in the conditions when it is necessary to share toys, sweets, take care of animals, etc. It should be remembered that even one bad deed can destroy the good that is formed in the child, if this act brought him satisfaction and was not seen by adults (theft, smoking, etc.).

Often adults first collect toys for a three-year-old, then compose books and notebooks to a younger schoolchild, clean up in his room. As a result, the child does not practice in activities aimed at developing such positive qualities as accuracy, maintenance of order. Namely, this is the beginning of the discipline, self-discipline.

Parenting with exercise is a lengthy process that requires not only skill, but also patience. The effectiveness of using the exercises depends on how well it combines with the verbal impact. The word stimulates action, fixes positive actions, helps the child to realize his behavior.

A positive example

The impact of the example in parenting is based on the children's ability to imitate. Children do not yet have sufficient knowledge, they have a poor life experience, but they are extremely attentive to people and adopt their behavior.

Practice shows that parents, paying tribute to the positive example, underestimate the role of the negative. Adults forget that children do not always correctly understand what they encounter in life, and often believe