Psychomotor development of children 1-3 years of life

The role of every conscious parent is to monitor the development of your child. In particular, it is very important to correctly assess the psychomotor of the child, which is not always possible even with the most attentive mothers and fathers. Easier to those who already have children - they can compare the crumbs with his grown brothers and sisters. But those who have a firstborn in their family, will have to reach their own "cones" and surreptitiously watch the development of familiar peers of crumbs. The article "Psychomotor development of children 1-3 years of life" will allow parents to independently check the level of their child's psychomotor development.

In the psychomotor development of children 1-3 years of life, a number of factors are important, and, naturally, age-related. After all, the fact that for a newborn baby - a manifestation of normal development, for a one-year-old baby - is already an undesirable pathology. That is why the evaluation of the psychomotor development of crumbs is important at each individual stage. We will take for consideration a certain age group - children 1-3 years of age.

What is "psychomotor development"? The concept is quite complex and contains several important components. This is the assessment of all organs of sensitivity (hearing, vision, tactile sensations), and determining the level of development of the infant's motor apparatus (everything is taken into account: muscle tone, ability to hold the neck and turn over, walk and run, and estimate the fine motor skills of the hands). The latter is especially important, since fine motor skills are the first way to the future "painstaking" work related to the use of small objects, with accuracy. In addition, the concept of "psychomotor development of a child" can include his social communication skills, contacts with loved ones, voice recognition. Here - and an assessment of how the kid communicates with peers and joins in the collective fun. All this is the leading lines of development of your crumbs.

Almost all parents try to attribute to the child the mastery of those skills to which he has just begun to learn. That is, if the baby has learned to hold a spoon in his hand, then Mom will tell all her friends that she's eating her own little ones! But all pediatricians and psychologists will unanimously tell you that the skill is really acquired only if the child can combine it with other, logically consistent actions. Based on this, say that the kid is himself can only when he will be able and keep a spoon, and scoop her porridge from the plate and bring it all to the mouth. Otherwise, the child only learns a particular skill.

Do not underestimate the role of each family member in the process of psychomotor development of the baby, because the social factor is very important. You should surround the child with warmth and care, while giving him the communication that he needs. You should gradually complicate your conversation and requests - this will harmoniously develop both the psyche and the movements of the crumbs. If you do not pay enough attention to the child and his development, then the processes will necessarily be braked - and catching up with peers will then be quite difficult. After all, not communicating with the child, you take away from him the only tool of environmental knowledge - and this can lead even to a delay in the mental development of crumbs - and the lag, believe me, will only progress. It can end very tragically - for example, dementia or social maladjustment - that is, your child simply will not be able to adapt to the complexities of his life expectantly.

Perhaps the fastest child develops in the first year of life - at this stage, according to rough estimates, every month the amount of his skills is enriched with five new items. Further all these skills are honed and gradually new, more complex, but also more necessary for an independent life of the child are acquired.

Sometimes parents, "checking" with an approximate scale of assessment of the child's psychomotor development, are happy to discover that their child is able to do not only everything that he should be able to do at his age, but also what older children should be able to do. Yes, it happens often - kids become accelerators and outstrip their peers in development, so parents need to be able to catch the moment and use the aspiration of the baby to develop and learn in the right and useful direction.

But there are also situations of another plan - when you discover that the child is behind in development. Here it is important to determine - how much and what is behind the baby, in order to help him improve in time. After all, the reasons, in fact, can be different. For example, your baby already had to start crawling. However, this does not happen with him. Why? The reasons can be, at least, two. The first of them - the baby can not crawl, because he does not know what it is and what it is eaten, how this action is reproduced. The problem here is that the parents did not show their child how to crawl. They did not let me know that with the help of crawling, the baby himself can satisfy some of his desires - for example, get some interesting toy. If you do not need much time to solve the first reason, then the second reason can complicate the developing process of the baby. And it consists in a disease that does not allow the crumb to crawl. For example, he may suffer from a paresis of the lower extremities. So with any other skill - if you saw that your child does not own them, think carefully: maybe you just did not show him that you can do this? Therefore, he does not know how to put everything into practice. In any case, if you notice even a slight lag from the norm, it is best to show the baby to the pediatrician and neurologist.

So, let us begin to describe those skills that characterize the psychomotor development of children aged one to three years.

Your child is 1 year old and 3 months old ...

At this age, kids already understand the speech of an adult much better - the most used words are already firmly connected with the objects and actions that they designate. And his personal vocabulary grows literally every day. He should already know the size of objects well and distinguish between "big" and "small", even if the difference in size is not very significant (up to 3 cm). In addition, the kid often repeats all the movements that he had previously seen in games with relatives.

A child at the age of 1 year and 3 months is excellent - he adores this occupation and completely forgets that it is possible to crawl. He can easily sit down and just as easily stand on his legs again. In addition, the crumb can back away.

Improved and his skills of possession of a spoon - he can eat enough thickly on his own.

Your child is 1 year old and 6 months old ...

The kid learns to analyze, he is already able to break down on the thematic groups of objects, sort them according to the signs that they possess. His speech is enriched with complex words. A crumb must know and recognize the basic forms of objects: find a circle and a square, a brick. If you play something mobile - then after the game you will probably notice that the kid actively repeats all your movements. Moving with the step-by-step, the child can easily and confidently cross a sufficiently high obstacle. At the age of one and a half years, the crumb can well manage the spoon and coordinate its movements, so it's easy to eat even liquid food.

Your child is 1 year and 9 months old ...

The kid very much likes to listen to your stories and watch thematic pictures - he perfectly understands, about whom there is a speech and how this or that character looks. After listening to the fairy tale, a crumb can correctly answer uncomplicated questions. Speech is developing rapidly, it can describe something in two words, using verbs at the same time. Improves the recognition of the magnitudes of objects.

At this age, the crumb is likely to love cubes - because of them you can build so many interesting things! However, for the time being, it is limited to simple constructions, enthusiastically building a house or gates out of cubes.

If you find a wooden bar 15 cm high and 20 cm wide, the child will be able to walk along it as if it were a narrow path.

In addition to these skills, the kid can also wear some things, provided that one of the adults will help him in this.

Your child is 2 years old ...

The kid at this tender age is already smart enough. Be sure: if you are lucid and simple words told the child something from the events of the recent past - he will perfectly understand you.

In his everyday life you can find not only the names of nouns and verbs, in addition to pronouncing pronouns and adjectives in the child's speech for 2 years. He can himself put questions that clarify the different characteristics of the event (for example, temporary - "when").

At your request, the crumb can pick up and give you objects of a contrasting kind.

The child has an understanding of simple banal logic, he can form and execute a certain chain of actions, grounded by logical connections. Going alternating steps, a child can effortlessly step over a fifteen-centimeter obstacle.

Dressing is almost entirely on the shoulders of the child, he copes with many objects of clothing. He eats already very carefully, does not get dirty and does not play around at the table (the latter, of course, totally depends on the parent's upbringing of the baby).

In 2 years the child should know all parts of the body and be able to show them on dolls, to himself and to adults. He can also determine what hurts him, and tell his parents about it.

Your child is 2 years and 6 months old ...

The speech of the kid becomes more and more clear and complicated by applications with subordinate parts. The questions he asks become more difficult: they can specify the place ("where did this happen?") And time ("when did this happen?").

You can play with the child in the children's geometry, showing him a variety of figures, in the image and likeness of which the crumb must find the same objects.

A child in two and a half years should be well versed in the basic colors and be able to tell what kind of object - what color. The kid should know how white, blue, red, yellow, green and black colors look.

Logic develops - and the baby can reproduce several actions, connected by a logical sequence. For example, he knows that the doll needs to be fed first, and then - to bed to sleep. Improved and the game in cubes, the designs are becoming more complex.

Due to the good development of fine motor skills, the crumb already knows how to hold a pencil in his hand, but he can not draw any drawings yet.

At the age of two years and six months, the child must completely wear himself, leaving only laces and zippers on his parents. No problem coping with any food, eating carefully, the spoon holds correctly. Going alternating steps, can overcome a twenty-centimeter obstacle.

Your child is 3 years old ...

The speech of the child at the age of three is characterized by the presence of complex and complex structures. The kid is very curious, he is interested in: why something is happening, and why all this is happening. This is the so-called "why" age.

He knows the purpose of all the objects that you use in games., And is able to correctly use this knowledge. He knows all the basic colors, he can call them and show them.

At the age of three, the kid begins to be interested in role-playing games, he will play with pleasure in the forest animals that go to visit each other, or in "mother's daughters", and will not mind at all if you change your usual roles during the game. The themes of games can be quite complex and supplemented with different small details.

Almost every kid in three years loves to draw and sculpt something from plasticine! Moreover, the results of their efforts are already beginning to be traced: the strokes of the pencil resemble simple plots, and figurines are formed from plasticine.

The three-year-old is dressed on his own, he should not have any special difficulties in tying shoelaces. If you accustomed the crumb to the first requirements of etiquette, then he certainly already knows how to correctly use a napkin or a handkerchief.

By alternating or stepping steps, the child can cross an obstacle, the height of which is within thirty centimeters!

These are the main stages, you can even tell the milestones of the child's psychomotor development at the age from one to three years. You can create a development chart yourself, record the data in it and gradually note whether your child's development corresponds to a certain age. However, once again we will remind: all kids develop individually, someone gets something, someone does not. And here your help is very important - give the crumb more attention, watch its development, in time to detect any deviations and eliminate them. You - an example for imitation, the kid will always be equal to you, so do not be lazy and be a good and right example, teach him with a youthful nails to what is useful for a crumb in independent life.

Another small clarification: not necessarily every child should be able to do all of the above at a certain age. Neuropathologists and pediatricians claim that if he owns at least five points from the lists - then he develops accordingly to the norm. If not, then this is an occasion to visit specialists and ask them for advice.