Preschool education
There is nothing complicated in the structure of the Russian education system. But to understand all the nuances, we'll talk about what this structure is, in more detail.
The first stage of the education system is preschool education. This type of education includes nurseries and kindergartens. Now in Russia there are both private preschool institutions and state ones. Therefore, parents have the opportunity to give the child to the institution that they consider most appropriate. But for training in a private institution it is necessary to pay a certain fee. You can give children to the creche from the moment when the child turns one year old. There, children are up to three years old. In the kindergarten children begin to take three. They finish their pre-school education in this institution at six or seven. It should be noted immediately that the receipt of preschool education is not mandatory. Therefore, everything here depends on the desire of the parents. Also, part of the education system is the so-called pre-school. They have appeared quite recently, but, nevertheless, they are very popular among parents. In such pre-school children can be given from five and a half years. Here, children learn to read, write, and also comprehend other basic subjects, which are the preparation for school instruction.
General education
Further, the structure of education includes general education. In accordance with the laws of Russia, it is divided into several stages and includes primary general education, basic general education and complete general education.
To attain primary education, the child must reach the age of six or seven years. It is then that parents can send him to school, lyceum or gymnasium. While studying in elementary school, a child has the right to receive basic knowledge in reading, writing, mathematics, Russian and some other subjects.
After the end of primary school, at the age of six, children enter secondary school. In secondary school, education takes place over a period of five years. After the end of the ninth grade, the student is required to issue a certificate of general secondary education. With this certificate he can apply for admission to the tenth grade of the school, gymnasium or lyceum. Also, the student has the right to take documents and enter a technical school, college or college.
The last stage of general education is a complete general education. It lasts two years and after graduation students pass final exams and receive certificates of complete secondary education.
Professional education
Next, we'll talk about where Russian children can learn after school. Actually, their choice is great enough. Citizens of the Russian Federation have the right to receive primary vocational education, secondary vocational education or full professional education.
Primary vocational education is education, which is obtained in professional lyceums, technical schools or other institutions of primary vocational education. These institutions can be administered both after the ninth and after the eleventh grade. Training after the eleventh class lasts a shorter amount of time, since students do not read general subjects in the tenth to eleventh grade program.
Secondary vocational education is the one that students can get in technical schools and colleges. This can also be done after the ninth, and after the eleventh grade.
Higher education
Well, now we are moving to the very last step of education - higher education. In accordance with the law of the Russian Federation, institutions of higher learning, universities and academies are regarded as higher educational institutions. Higher education institutions are defined as public institutions, as well as private ones. Students can study in such an institution from four to six years. If the student has been studying for four years, he receives a bachelor's degree, five - a specialist, six - a master's degree. In the event that a student has studied for at least two years, but has not graduated from a higher education institution, it is considered that he received an incomplete higher education.
It is worth noting that after graduating from a higher educational institution a person has the full right to receive post-graduate professional education. Of course, such an education can only be obtained if there is a higher professional education. Depending on what specialty the student has preferred, he can study in graduate school, adjuncture, internship, doctoral studies or residency.
And finally it is worth remembering one more component of the structure of education in Russia - institutions that provide additional educational services. These include sports and music schools. Such education is not obligatory, but, rather, developing. However, after the termination of such educational institution the pupil receives the diploma of the state sample with which can arrive, for example, in musical school.
Summing up, we can say that the modern Russian educational structure works for the citizens of the country to have an opportunity to study. Everyone who wants, with the necessary knowledge, can choose a specialty for himself and an educational institution in which he can receive education. Starting from school, students have the opportunity to choose profiling subjects, which in the future will become the basis for obtaining their chosen profession.