The main causes of constipation in young children
Change of feeding , breast milk is replaced by an adapted milk mixture or unadapted products based on both cow's and goat's milk. The causes of deceleration of the motility of the colon: the composition of the milk mixture (the ratio of phosphorus and calcium, the level of proteins is higher than the level of carbohydrates), an allergic reaction to the milk proteins of the cow (CKM). When allergic to milk protein constipation can occur and breastfeeding, if the mother used foods that contain protein of cow's milk or goat's milk.
BMC-induced constipation is classified as functional constipation due to malfunctions in the colon of mucus, this provokes a delayed passage of stool in the distal direction. Morphological basis of constipation is interstitial edema, lymphoid nodes, lymphocytic infiltration, eosinophilic infiltration.
With lactase deficiency, irritation of the skin of the peri- al part with acidic feces occurred. Excessive use of personal care products, as well as skin allergy to these funds, all this can lead to anus fractures, and to painful reactions in the form of failure of the sphincter relaxation.
Causes that lead to cracks: mechanical damage with constipation of the anus mucosa. The anal fissure of the anus usually has a slit or oval shape and is usually found on the posterior semicircle of the anus. At the same time in the anal passage area there are sharp pains that occur at the time of defecation, but can last up to several days. The unwholesome bleeding from the anal passage, usually short-term, is often associated with defecation. Children at a young age express anxiety and crying, children at an older age say or show a place where they experience pain. But, usually, neither parents nor the pediatrician pay special attention to the behavior of the child during defecation. Thus, diagnostic signs of the development of chronic constipation in children are missed.
The child should be shown to the surgeon, who during the examination and with accurate stretching of the skin folds can detect the outer part of the anal fissure. With timely access to a doctor and effective treatment, the disease will not go to a chronic form, and if you start the disease for 3-4 weeks, then the chronic form begins to develop, which after a defecation is accompanied by periodic bleeding (with the pain may be absent), spasm of the sphincter, which only aggravates the course of the disease.
Forced (at an early age) accustoming to a pot leads to psychogenic constipation. Today this topic is very painful, after all, the upbringing of the child is done by educators or nannies, and parents can only assume that there has been a conflict between the tutor and the child.
The main causes of acute constipation in older children
The unsanitary state of toilets , uncomfortable and constraining conditions in a school or kindergarten toilet, open booths, the presence of other children, all this makes children "tolerate home." Teachers also play an important role when children are not allowed to enter the toilet during lessons. All these conditions are difficult to change, so it is advisable for the child to develop a stubborn reflex with a fixed time and preferably in the morning on defecation. The pediatrician should draw the parents' attention to this problem, which should be regularly planted and taught the child after breakfast to sit on the pot for 5-7 minutes, and if the outcome is successful, encourage the child.
Psychogenic constipation in a small child can occur when moving from an apartment to a dacha, or vice versa, this happens because an adult who has grown up can not get used to a new, unrecognizable dwelling. Such problems arise in any unusual and unfamiliar situation, on vacation, on tourist trips.
Anusitis is an inflammation of the skin, as well as the mucosa of the anus, which starts from the proximal part of the skin folds that are located around the anus, right up to the blinkers and the dentate line.
Anal microflora, as well as specific pathogens can cause inflammation of the mucous anus.
Sphincter proctitis is primary and secondary, in combination with other inflammatory diseases of the anal canal, pararectal tissue and rectum (cryptite, hemorrhoids, paraproctitis, anal fissure, fistula of the rectum). During the examination, the doctor can identify spasm of the sphincter or hypertonus, mucopurulent discharge, swelling of the mucosa or flushing. In some cases, it is accompanied by severe paroxysmal pain, itching in the ano-perineal region, which arises from abundant secretions and further maceration of the skin. In such cases, patients are restless, irritable, they concentrate on their own complaints. Sphincter proctitis is accompanied by general weakness, malaise, lack of appetite, subfebrile temperature.
In such a clinical picture, sexual violence should be excluded, if the violence occurs, the child should be shown to the surgeon and the psychologist.