Between the second and third year, a significant jump in the development of the child becomes particularly noticeable. The speech of the child in the third year of life significantly changes his orientation in the surrounding world, providing a quick adaptation to the environment. With the help of words the kid learns to analyze the world, his surroundings. Through the words denoting the feature of the subject, the child learns a lot for himself new: he studies various colors, smells and sounds.
A special role is played by speech for mastering the child's basic rules of behavior, because adults express all their demands in words. In the third year of life, the word becomes the main regulator of child behavior. His actions gradually begin to obey orders or prohibitions, expressed verbally. Mastering the requirements and rules expressed in separate words is of great importance for the child's development of self-control, will and perseverance.
The baby, using speech, makes contact with other children more easily, plays with them, which also contributes to its harmonious development. No less important for the baby are verbal contacts with adults. The child should interact with them, participate in joint games in which the adult is an equal to him a partner in the game.
Lexicon
By three years, the number of words in active speech can reach one thousand. Such a growth of the dictionary is explained by the enrichment of the child's general life experience, the complication of his daily activities, communication with the surrounding people. In oral speech, nouns predominate at first (60%), but gradually more verbs (27%), adjectives (12%), even pronouns and prepositions are included.
The vocabulary of the child as the development of speech is not only enriched, but becomes more systematized. By the time he was three, he began to learn words-concepts (dishes, clothes, furniture, etc.) in passive speech. Despite the fact that children are already free to orient themselves in everyday things, their surroundings, they sometimes confuse the names of similar objects (cup-mug). Also, children can use the same word for several subjects: the word "cap" is to name both a cap, and a cap, and a hat.
Associated speech
In the third year of life, the child's coherent speech is just beginning to form. The kid first builds simple short sentences, and later starts using compound and complex sentences. Only by the end of the third year does the child begin to master the situational coherent speech. He can already tell about what they saw, that he found out what he wanted. The kid after two years is already able to understand simple stories, fairy tales, answer questions about their content. Most of the children can not give a coherent paraphrase. At this age, children listen to the same poems, fairy tales and memorize texts after repeated listening, as if reading them from the book. At the same time, children can not convey the text of the story in their own words. A three-year-old can already solve simple riddles, even if their text contains information in the form of hints, tips, onomatopoeia.
Pronunciation of speech
In the third year of life, the child's sound quality improves. Some children already by the year pronounce all the sounds cleanly, but most replace sibilant M, H, H, H, whistling and sound T '. The number of sounds correctly pronounced by the child is in close connection with the stock of constantly used words. A child with a vast supply of words constantly exercises in pronouncing sounds, he improves his articulatory apparatus, develops his phonemic hearing, and sounds as a result of such training come to normal.
At this time, the main feature of sound reproduction is a large number of sound mixes. Sounds that appear instead of substitutes take their place not in all words and not immediately. Separate sounds are acquired a month, others - more than three months. During this time, the sound then accidentally slips in the word, then gives way to its substitute.
Another feature characteristic of children of this age is the interest in sound forms of words - "rhyming". This is the repeated repetition of the same words, and the manipulation of words by changing them, and the creation of meaningless rhymes and rhythms. Such actions with words are a powerful stimulus for mastering the sound form of words, for improving the phonemic perception, and for strengthening the articulatory apparatus. The child trains himself in uttering sounds and using meaningful speech.
Phonemic Hearing
Without the ability to distinguish by ear all sounds, the child will not be able to master pure sound. By the second year of life the child can hear all the phonemes of the language in a foreign speech, he perfectly observes other people's mistakes in the pronunciation of words, but he does not yet make mistakes in his speech. An important achievement by the end of the third year in the development of a phonemic hearing should be the recognition of one's own mistakes in uttering sounds. Only in this way will the child be able to master the correct pronunciation of sounds.
Results of development in the third year of life
- An important difference between the speech of a three-year-old child is the almost complete absence of errors in grammatical speech.
- In the sentence, the connection of words is established with the help of prepositions and endings, the child uses alliances, uses all the basic parts of speech.
- The general vocabulary of a three-year-old child is characterized not only by everyday words. He also begins to use words of value and generalization.
- The sound reproduction of the child in the third year of life does not yet correspond to the norm. Speech still lacks hissing and sonorous sounds. Words with a complex structure of syllables and with the concurrence of consonants are often uttered in a distorted manner.
- If parents form a positive attitude toward the book, the child will love to listen to familiar fairy tales and poems several times. Hon will better memorize the texts and reproduce them verbatim. The child still can not give a free retelling, heard in his own words.