Toxicoderma is an acute (or subacute) inflammatory skin disease that occurs due to the allergic or toxic effects of foreign substances that have penetrated the body. The severity of the disease depends on the amount of allergen that has got into the body, the frequency of contact with it and the degree of sensitization of the body. Most often, toxic substances are caused by chemicals and drugs (sulfonamides, antibiotics, vaccines, barbiturates, analgesics, vitamins). Food toxicodermia occurs in people with hypersensitivity to certain foods (citrus fruits, strawberries, strawberries, nuts, seafood).
In the prevalence, there is a limited and widespread form of toxicodermia, according to the nature of the eruptions - spotty, papular, nodular, vesicular, pustular, bullous and necrotic.In addition to the skin, rashes can also be localized on the mucous membranes. Often, the general condition of patients is disturbed, the body temperature rises.
Limited (fixed) toxicoderma manifests itself by the sudden appearance of one or more bright red spots with a diameter of up to 5 cm. After resolution, they leave a stable brown pigmentation. Often, limited toxicodermia is localized on the skin of the anogenital area and mucous membranes. Bubbles may appear on the lesions, and in case of damage, painful erosion. After stopping the intake of the allergen, the rash disappears after 10-14 days.
Diffuse (common) toxicodermia is considered a serious skin disease. Its development is accompanied by fever, dyspepsia, adynamia. Rashes are predominantly polymorphic. They can resemble manifestations of eczema, hives, bullous dermatoses.
Spotted toxicosis is accompanied by the appearance of hyperergic, hemorrhagic and pigmented spots on the surface of the skin. It manifests itself first on the skin of the forehead, cheekbones and temples, then - on the extensor surfaces of the limbs and trunk. On the spot of the spots there is peeling erythema. Against the background of erythema develops a network pigmentation or follicular keratosis.
Papular toxiccodermia is characterized by the appearance of oval miliary papules at the site of the lesion. They can peripherally grow and merge, forming plaques.
Knotty toxicodermia is characterized by the appearance of painful knots that slightly protrude above the level of healthy skin.
With vesicular toxicosis, polymorphic vesicles (vesicles) appear on the skin.
Pustular toxicoderma occurs due to hypersensitivity to halogens (fluoride, chlorine, bromine, iodine), group B vitamins, some medications. In addition to pustules, small eels may appear on the skin of the face and upper body.
Bullous toxicoderma is manifested primarily on the skin of the neck, large folds, on the mucous membranes. Around the blisters appears a characteristic red border.
Necrotic toxicodermia develops against the background of acute infectious diseases or as a reaction to medicines. The disease develops sharply. On the skin and mucous membranes, red spots appear, against which background bubbles form. The latter are easily destroyed and infected.
For successful treatment of toxicoderma, it is necessary to eliminate contact with the allergic factor. Assign antihistamine, desensitizing and diuretics, ascorbic acid. When food genesis is a disease, gastric lavage is performed, and enterosorbents are prescribed. For local treatment, use anti-burn aerosols ("Olazol", "Panthenol"), glucocorticosteroid ointments. Erosions are treated with 1% solution of potassium permanganate, fucorcin. With a significant spread of lesions and resistance to therapy, glucocorticosteroids are administered orally and parenterally. The dose is selected individually.
Prophylaxis of toxicoderma consists in the prescription of drugs, taking into account their tolerability in the past, avoiding contact with known allergens.