Acne is a disease associated with a violation of the sebaceous glands. Usually confined to the skin of the face, upper back and chest. Acne rashes have the same underlying causes, but manifests itself in a more serious form, difficult to treat. Both can be a symptom of a serious disease, hormonal disorders, or simply the result of improper care for the problem skin. What is the treatment of acne and acne? Read about it below.
Acne and acne in adolescents
Acne of this type usually appears in young people during adolescence and affects almost every young man or girl. As a rule, they eventually pass by themselves, but there are the most severe forms of this ailment. If acne and acne in adolescents are not treated - they can leave traces and scars on the face and body for life. This difficult period in the life of a teenager is characterized by psychomotor instability. Acne (especially severe forms) can have a significant impact on the psyche and cause aggression, mistrust and underestimation. Therefore, it is at this age that such problems need to be eliminated.
The appearance of acne is associated with excessive activity of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles - keratosis. This leads to a blockage of the ducts of the glands of sebum, which leads to a significant accumulation of grease and dirt in the pores. This process increases the excessive production of sebum. At this stage of development, acne develops against the background of anaerobic bacteria that multiply in the mouths of the sebaceous glands. These bacteria produce enzymes that break down fats. The product of this reaction - free fatty acids - is a powerful irritant. Because of irritation, and there are problems - the skin becomes oily, the pores increase, acne and acne appear.
Treatment at the first stage consists in correct and careful care of a problem by a skin of the teenager. It is necessary to cleanse the skin twice a day of excess fat and bacteria. Do it better with special teen means - tonics, gels and mousses. They should not contain alcohol! Irritation and burns from alcohol take a long time and can leave traces on the face.
In severe cases, hormone therapy and even blood transfusion can be used. But these procedures are carried out in extreme cases and only after a serious consultation with a specialist. Usually, acne and acne are treated for up to six months. With the right approach, these problems disappear without a trace much earlier.
Purulent cysts (result of squeezing and inflammation)
Indisputable role in the development of the described diseases is played by sex hormones, especially androgens. Thus, the amount of acne increases immediately before menstruation, which is associated with premenstrual syndrome. It is during this period that excessive accumulation of water and sodium chloride occurs in the skin.
The appearance of acne depends on the excessive production of sebum, associated with hormonal changes in puberty. This can aggravate or even be caused by hormones of the adrenal cortex (via androgenic effect), and by some substances secreted by the sebaceous glands. They can also be called hyperkeratosis and the use of such substances as vitamin B12, iodine, barbiturates. But the most terrible thing with acne and acne is the intervention of the person himself. The teenager wants to get rid of them quickly, so he starts squeezing them out with his hands, cauterizing and even scraping with his nails. As a result, purulent cysts are formed. Which disfigure the face and cause complications in the form of bruises, scars and tumors. Some of them do not pass, remaining as pigment spots for life.
Acne and hormones
The influence of androgens on the formation of acne is not in doubt: the cells of the sebaceous glands have receptors for androgens, which increases the stimulation of seborrhea and acne. These processes, for example, never occur in eunuchs castrated before puberty, as well as in young children and the elderly. Elevated levels of androgens can cause acne in older women. While men suffer this much less often. By the way, antiandrogenic composition can significantly reduce seborrhea.
There are several types of acne, they can have different causes of appearance and manifestation, more or less pronounced. Depending on the form and reason, the recommended measures for the application of general and local types of treatment are selected.
Types of acne and acne
Depending on the prevalence of certain types of skin lesions, various manifestations of acne - follicular and pustular diseases are used. In addition, acne can be clinically divided into the following types:
Teenage acne - usually occurs during puberty and in most cases spontaneously after several years of duration. However, they necessarily need treatment, so kA can adversely affect a teenager's psyche, cause a lowering of his self-esteem.
Purulent cysts - arise as a result of human intervention. Often, scars and uneven stains on the face are left. You should never bring the situation to their formation.
Acne pustular (pseudoscrofulloderma) is characterized by deep purulent infiltration and the formation of cysts and large acne. They heal slowly, leaving uneven and hypertrophic scars. This change occurs almost exclusively in men, can cover not only the face, but also the back, chest, armpits, groin and buttocks.
Acne dermatitis - characterized by the formation of keloid scars after the resignation of acne, often accompanied by various pustules and has a purposeful character. The most characteristic places of its occurrence are the neck area.
Acne necrosis occurs on the scalp. In the form of acne there is necrosis of the tissues and subsequently there are scars and scars under the hair.
The causes of acne and acne
Acne can be a symptom of a severe general blood disease. It extends only to young men whose skin is undergoing serious changes. There is acne, which is accompanied by common symptoms (fever, joint pain). Additional studies may show an elevated level of EPR and white blood cells.
Acne can be caused by exposure to chlorine, oil, tar.
Acne can appear due to disruption of the adrenal glands or drugs that affect the secretion of sebaceous glands.
Cosmetic acne - arise as a result of clogging of the mouth of the sweat glands and basically take the form of small acne and acne.
Baby acne is associated with the use of mineral oil for care and takes the form of papules, cysts and even an abscess, which, however, is rare.
General acne treatment and acne
General treatment always involves antibiotics. The most effective, as a rule, is tetracycline, which currently predominates in the treatment of acne. On the other hand, antibiotics erythromycin, clindamycin, minocycline are quite effective. Antibiotics are used in accordance with the prescribed scheme of taking medications, in doses slightly different from bacterial infections. They are usually accepted for many weeks or even months. In addition, you must additionally take vitamins PP, B2 and C. In case of taking multivitamin complexes, you should avoid those of them that contain vitamin B12, because only it can cause symptoms of acne.
In severe forms of the disease, roacutane is introduced into the body. Treatment usually lasts 3-5 months. This drug, like other oral administration, must be taken under strict medical supervision. Due to the possibility of side effects, the patient must periodically take a blood test. Women at this time should not use birth control pills before, during and after the treatment.
Treatment of acne with zinc salts
Women with hormonal drugs may be recommended a drug of antiandrogenic action. It is also used for many months after excluding contraindications to gynecological and internal diseases (for example, liver disease, lipid disorder and coagulation). His acceptance should also be under control, blood and urine tests should be periodically given. These drugs can be taken only under the supervision of a doctor.
There is an avenue vaccine, but recently it is no longer being used because of its low effectiveness. Also, the frequently recommended methods of transfusion of intramuscular blood into the vein are also rarely used.
Local treatment of acne and acne
As a topical treatment, cleansing solutions containing menthol and salicylic acid are used. Equally effective is a solution, which includes sulfur among other ingredients.
There are also many ready-made preparations containing antibiotics, often in combination with other ingredients. For example, a solution of clindamycin (a phosphate containing) and a less irritating emulsion and an Acnemycin gel. There is also an ointment containing miconazole and benzoyl peroxide and a cream with zinc acetate and erythromycin.
Also, products containing vitamins and acids are used for treatment. These drugs are designed to reduce the irritation of the transitional functions and the size of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles. They are usually used for several weeks. During this time, you should not sunbathe and use cosmetics and medicines containing alcohol. Medications, with a somewhat similar effect, are generally better tolerated than acid-vitamin ones. But their effect is not long and quickly passes.
Treatment of acne in the home
When treated at home, a series of known formulations (creams, gels, onychi, emulsions) can be used. The use of such drugs should always take place after consulting a dermatologist, because in combination with some drugs they can cause skin irritation. It is also possible to periodically cleanse the skin (especially with a lot of acne) in cosmetic surgery.
Treatment with pharmaceuticals should be performed according to the prescription of a dermatologist. The specialist will be able to properly assess how much local acne treatment is sufficient, which drugs should be excluded or included in the preparation for the overall work.
Starting with the treatment of acne with serious drugs, one should not always expect a quick and full recovery. But the systematic use of them after the doctor's recommendations will help alleviate the symptoms.
Other methods of acne treatment and acne
Some dermatologists recommend ultraviolet irradiation. Using this method, you should always take into account its side effects - faster aging of the skin, carcinogenic risk. Surgery is used to correct scars after acne - this is the work of plastic surgeons.