Can a nursing mother transfer her immunity to a child?
Usually it happens. If the mother was sick with childhood infections or vaccinated against them, her body "ply" protective antibodies, which she passes the child along with the milk. That is why measles, rubella, chickenpox in children up to a half dozen - a rarity. Then such "introduced" immunity weakens. Here and come to the rescue of vaccinations. It is better to start the vaccination before the crumb is weaned - from the chest.
Can I do multiple vaccinations at the same time?
Yes, and for this purpose there are special associated vaccines, for example, LKDS. They contain several components against different pathogens that do not "compete" with each other (special tables have been developed to test the compatibility of vaccines). Simultaneous vaccination is good because it does not injure the child with unnecessary injections. It does not need to visit the clinic ten times, where it is easy to pick up, for example, ARVI.
Is it possible to change preparations during vaccination?
From the same disease, several vaccines from different manufacturers can exist at once. Some are more effective, but rarely do without consequences, others are safer, but more expensive. If a vaccine is not found in the clinic, it can usually be replaced Interchangeable vaccines against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis, live and inactivated poliomyelitis, different vaccines against hepatitis A and B. Re-introduction of live vaccines also does not require the mandatory application of one and the same the same drug. All X and B - vaccines licensed in Russia are replaceable.
Why do several identical vaccinations?
Multiple vaccination is needed to create a permanent immunity from certain diseases. Vaccination from diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, poliomyelitis, hepatitis B is done in several stages with an interval of 45 days. But from measles, mumps or tuberculosis, one vaccination is enough to develop immunity for years to come (the booster vaccination occurs every 6-7 years).
Can a vaccinated child get sick?
Very rarely, but still it is possible. The reasons for this are a lot, ranging from improper storage of the vaccine and ending with the individual characteristics of the body. The effectiveness of the vaccine can affect the child's age, and the nature of nutrition, and even the climate of the area in which the baby lives. That is why it is so important to adhere to the calendar of vaccinations or the individual vaccination schedule developed by the doctor, not to introduce new lures during routine vaccination and to refuse other "experiments" over the child: trips to the sea, weaning, etc. That the vaccine is associated with the risk for the baby, the doctor can guess by looking at the medical card. Post-vaccination complications are likely if the child: increased intracranial pressure, observed convulsive syndrome and other pathologies of the nervous system; there is a pronounced allergy, atopic dermatitis and so on; the whole year - endless ARVI, the course of the disease is acute and it is not long
Passes by;
there are chronic diseases; there were "wrong" reactions to previous vaccinations. Therefore, even before the vaccination begins, parents should be approved not only by the pediatrician, but also by other specialists, in particular the neurologist, ideally the immunologist should receive the immunization decision following a comprehensive examination (including a general blood and urine test).
What are the possible reactions to vaccination?
Vaccination is the introduction into the body of something unusual, an outsider. Even if the child is outwardly calm, there is a serious struggle in his body - in itself it is beneficial, because in the course of it immunity is produced. Sometimes, however, the echoes of this struggle break out to the surface - then general and local post-vaccination reactions are possible. The first include a fever, malaise, headache, decreased appetite; the second - redness and tenderness of tissues, compaction at the site of injection, inflammation of nearby lymph nodes. All these reactions, as a rule, are fleeting. If the indisposition is delayed - the temperature keeps, the swelling does not drop - you can talk about a post-vaccination complication, you need a doctor's consultation. Complications are often confused with a common disease. The fact is that the vaccine temporarily weakens the immune system - it "distracts" the injected pathogen or its components, which means that the body becomes helpless before other infections that have been hidden for the time being or are obvious. But in this case, vaccination is not a cause, but a condition, the same as, for example, hypothermia or stress.
What are the most common adverse reactions?
The most common is an allergic reaction to the components of the vaccine. That is why three days before and three days after vaccination it is recommended to give the child antihistamines. A rise in body temperature and irritation at the injection site is also a fairly common (and normal) phenomenon. It is important to understand that possible side effects will occur, but thanks to the vaccination the baby will have a powerful defense for life. If you refuse to vaccinate, you risk the most important - the health of the child and even his life. Of course, any vaccination should be seriously prepared: the child should not be sick even with ARI for at least two weeks before the injection, can not be vaccinated against the background of stressful conditions, etc. In case the baby has health problems, it is possible, with the participation of a doctor, to choose between vaccine analogues. The attending pediatrician, who knows the characteristics of your child, can give a temporary challenge, a respite from vaccination, but no more. Do not take seriously the terrible stories about the harmful vaccines, which are filled with parental forums. Your only adviser is a doctor who is responsible for the health of the baby. And also your own mind.
When and from what to instill babies?
The schedule of preventive vaccinations establishes the following schedule.
12 hours - the first vaccination: hepatitis B.
3-7th day - vaccination: tuberculosis.
1 month - second vaccination: hepatitis B.
3 months - the first vaccination: diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, poliomyelitis.
4,5 months - the second vaccination: diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, poliomyelitis.
6 months - the third vaccination: diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, poliomyelitis; the third vaccination: hepatitis B.
12 months - the first vaccination: measles, mumps, rubella,
18 months - the first revaccination: diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, poliomyelitis.
20 months - second revaccination: poliomyelitis. Of these preventive vaccinations, anti-tuberculosis is mandatory; The parents usually do not even ask if they consent to it: the child is discharged from the hospital only after the introduction of the appropriate vaccine - BCG.
Something new
Leading Russian pediatricians advocate the inclusion of new vaccinations in the National Vaccination Schedule: from pneumococcal infection, from Hib infection and from chicken pox. Pneumococcal infection causes both common otitis and sinusitis, and terrible diseases - pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis. Pneumococcus is especially dangerous for young children because of the peculiarities of the structure of this bacterium: it has a strong polysaccharide shell, which the immune cells of the child's body can not cope with, pneumococcus rapidly evolves and loses sensitivity to antibiotics. Because of the increasing resistance of strains to treat the disease every year more difficult. It is much easier to prevent it. " In the US and many countries in Europe, this vaccination has been included in national calendars for several years. Hemophilus type B infection (Hib infection) is a common causative agent of severe diseases [meningitis, pneumonia], mainly in children under six years old. WHO recommends the inclusion of Hib vaccination in national calendars in all countries. Veterinary pox is considered an innocuous childhood sore. However, few people know that an extremely contagious "chickenpox" can cause serious complications - up to the inflammation of the membranes of the brain. This childhood sickness is very poorly tolerated by adults who at one time did not have it (the immunity from a transferred chicken pox is lifelong). Therefore, it is better to protect the child and the adult chickenpox that is not in childhood. Especially since the vaccine is transferred easily and without consequences.