The child reads badly
The skill of reading is the key to successful learning. To develop children's interest in reading, the practice teachers offer parents a set of recommendations. The texts for reading should correspond to the age of the child, to be emotionally saturated, cognitive. It is necessary to give the son or daughter the right to choose the material for reading, depending on their mood and even their state of health. To develop interest in reading, one must create a situation of success, support in the child the belief that everything will turn out. This is facilitated by self-measurement of reading speed. Every day for one minute, the younger students read the texts, count the read words and record the results. Comparing the results in a week will show whether the reading speed has increased.
Success in teaching reading depends largely on the motivation of the child's activities. And, on the contrary, success creates a motive: "I want to read, because I get it." You can not demand from the child: "Until you read quickly and without errors, you can not get out of the way!". Of course, parents want their son or daughter to learn to read well in a week, but you can not force a child to sit for a long time behind the book, get angry if something has been read incorrectly, because physical fatigue and tension, together with reproaches and reprimands, kid from the book. It is desirable that the child reads out loud for a short time. It is proved that the duration of reading is not important, but the frequency of exercises. It is best if it is a daily multiple, in one or two hours, a five-minute reading with a retelling of the content of the read. Good results are given by reading before going to sleep, as it is the last events of the day that are recorded by the emotional memory of a person.
Daily exercise in listening significantly facilitates the formation of the reading skill, since if the student of the primary classes in an undertone reads with the adult or watches his clear, leisurely reading. At the same time he pays attention to intonation clarity, pauses and logical stress. So the speed of perception of graphic signs, and hence the speed of reading a child, are increasing. If the kid "falsified", then you need to invite him to read again the place where the mistake was made.
Pupils 1-2 classes can not be rushed while reading. A hasty reading, as a rule, is unconscious. Overcoming difficulties contributes to the frugal regime of reading. The child reads 1-2 lines and gets a short rest. It is possible during viewing of filmstrips when reading books for the "For the little ones" series: the junior schoolchild resting when he gets acquainted with the illustrations that precede reading and prepares to perceive the following sentences.
To accustom your son or daughter to independent reading, you can start reading a book out loud and stop at the most interesting place. Fascinated by the desire to find out what will happen next, the junior high school student will in most cases continue to read independently. After that, you must always ask about what he read, praise and express the hope that the child will continue to read on his own. You can tell the son or daughter an interesting episode from the work and instead of answering the child's question "What happened next?" offer to finish reading yourself.
It is very good if the family is practicing home reading out loud. The duration of such reading should be 20-30 minutes, in order to avoid fatigue of a small student. Read books you need to talk with your child. You can not control it and demand a report (that I read that I understood what I remembered), you can not impose your views. Attention, support, interest of parents in the success of the son or daughter will give the child confidence. A benevolent, even and calm environment influences the child's well-being and helps to overcome learning difficulties.
The book in the family
The presence of books in the family does not mean that children will like to read and they will not have actual problems in the primary school. When forming readers' interest, care should be taken that they read different genre literature: fairy tales, stories, science fiction, poems, humoresks, tales, etc. It is desirable that the house had a reading corner. A personal library of a junior schoolchild is made up, depending on his interests, sex and age, and the material possibilities of the family. In the corner of reading must necessarily be children's favorite works of fiction. Perhaps this will be the first books with a memorable inscription, which the parents gave, or maybe a story about a beloved animal or an adventure story.
It is advisable to have in the family reference, scientific-popular and art publications on the school curriculum that will help children prepare for classes, as well as books and periodicals, to push the baby to develop their own abilities. This book series "I cognize the world," "Encyclopedia of the junior high school student", dictionaries, atlases, etc. Junior school age - the time to search for answers to many questions. Psychologists say that a small child for a day asks to answer 200 questions. With age, their number decreases, but the questions themselves become more complex.
It is known that younger schoolchildren like to listen to someone's reading rather than to read it themselves, therefore it is necessary to accustom them to the book gradually. Parents need to ensure that the desire to read is not crowded out in children by other interests: sports, computer games, watching TV or video. To help your son or daughter get their bearings in the vast world of various literature and choose a certain book for reading, you should at least occasionally visit libraries and bookshops with your child. It is also advisable to buy books with children, before doing so, it is advisable to get acquainted with their content: read the abstract or an address to the reader, view several pages, pay attention to illustrations and design.
For students in primary school, it is advisable to purchase thin books with large pictures. It is desirable that children memorize the title of the book, the name of the author, and try to find information about him. It is necessary to teach the children, when reading independently, to fix the questions that arise, so that they can then be asked by adults or read about it in the reference literature. It is possible to recommend to the son or daughter interesting places from the book to write out in the notebook or, if the book is own, accurately make notes on the margins. The main thing is to teach the little student to read thoughtfully, to delve into the meaning of each word. Help the child to read simple games: "Remember the work by quotations or illustrations", "Make a drawing for a book", "Publish a handwritten literary magazine," etc.
Do not be friends with math
Mathematics is a gymnastics for the mind that shapes and develops the ability to think logically and reason with reason. In mathematics, as in sports, one can not achieve success in the course of passive observation of the actions of others. We need systematic intense exercises that are connected with the work of thought, under the influence of which the child gradually begins to master at first the simplest, and then more and more complex, mental operations. The brain thus trained begins to improve. This is the most valuable result of studying mathematics.
Often, children when responding or solving problems act on learned pattern templates. However, gradually the complexity and volume of information that needs to be learned are increasing. The lack of memory requires a lot of effort from a junior high school student, as a result of which mathematics becomes so hard for him that he does not want to study it at all. Such intellectual passivity of the child adults are often mistaken for laziness or inability to math. It happened that they usually say: "He started the math", that is, there were actual problems. But it's more accurate to say: "We've started math."
Parents need to remember the following:
● In mathematics, the main thing is to understand, not to memorize, the more so that the semantic processing of the studied material provides both.
● If a child does not master math in elementary grades, then one should not hope for his further success in middle and even more senior classes.
● Good grades and correct answers to standard questions "How much will it be?" and "How to find?" still do not give a full guarantee that with mathematics at the son or the daughter all will be by way of.
● Younger students need adult help. Because of age characteristics, he can not properly assess the quality of his knowledge, which prevents the assimilation of the learning material.
To assess the depth of understanding and the quality of mastering mathematical knowledge, it is necessary to check the correspondence of the child's practical actions in solving problems to the proposed drawings, diagrams and drawings. For example, if a student cuts off 10 m from the rope, which is one-fifth of what is the length of the rope? "Finds the answer with the help of the division, he either did not think at all, or reasoned incorrectly. And even if the action of multiplication is chosen for the solution of the above problem, then the son or daughter should explain why they solved the problem in this way. The reference to the rule in the textbook is a good argument, but not the most convincing. Ask the child to draw a piece (rope) and explain it: what is known in the tasks, what to find, why it is necessary to multiply. Such practical work will help the student to better understand the task and the way to solve it, and for an adult to assess the level of the child's learning of the learning material.
Ugly handwriting
Inaccurate and illegible handwriting becomes a significant obstacle to the full use of the letter as a means of communication. At the same time, calligraphic handwriting educates children in orderliness, diligence, zeal for any kind of activity, contributes to the aesthetic education of the younger schoolboy.
For primary school students, the general style of writing is typical, but over time, some individual features of handwriting appear in children. There are the following reasons for their occurrence:
● A careful child in most cases writes accurately and correctly.
● Some children write much more slowly than the program requires. As a result, they rush and violate the rules of calligraphy.
● If the student does not read well or does not learn the program by language, then he lingers with the execution of tasks and, as a consequence, writes sloppy.
● Some children are prevented from writing accurately visual impairments, motor skills and other diseases. In such cases, parents need to see a doctor.
It must be remembered that success in the formation of the writing skill, and especially in the development of calligraphic handwriting, largely depends on whether the children adhere to basic hygiene standards. To master the correct landing, the way to hold the pen and writing technique is possible only with constant monitoring by adults. The remarks "Do not sit like that" or "Wrong hold the pen" help a little. Junior students need not only to explain, but also to show how to properly sit and hold a pen. The duration of a continuous letter should not exceed 5 minutes in the first class, in II - 8 minutes, in III - 12 minutes, in IV - 15 minutes.
It is advisable, together with the child, to analyze the shortcomings of his letter, to reveal deviations in the form, proportions, dimensions, slope and combination of letters, patiently to help carry out the exercise behind the exercise. Violations of calligraphy occur most often due to the fact that children do not follow the way the notebook is lying. The angle of the notebook's inclination to the edge of the table should be approximately equal to 25 degrees. To maintain this position, you can paste a narrow strip of colored paper (preferably green) on the table. She will show the younger student how to put the notebook correctly. During the writing, the notebook must be moved along the strip. The beginning of the line should be in front of the middle of the chest. To keep the correct slope of letters in words to children will help exercises in writing warehouses with the same elements and warehouses, which alternate with dashes.
To develop the correct slope of letters and the space between letters and their elements the child will benefit from a variety of modular networks. They are spread out with black ink and put under the sheet on which the student writes. In a modular grid, each cell has its own cell. However, it must be taken into account that such a letter becomes slow, and the volume of work done is small. To develop a beautiful handwriting from children is possible only when the junior student will systematically make every effort to comply with the rules of writing. A zeal will arise if the student realizes his ineptitude, understands the meaning of the exercises performed, and is interested in achieving the goal.
Hometasks
Sometimes younger schoolchildren, even those who study well, have difficulty with their homework. This is one of the most pressing problems in primary school. In this case, parents need to find out if the child can cope. If not, then he needs help. In the first months of training when doing homework, it is advisable to sit with the child, but not to suggest, think for it, or reproach for failure. It is necessary to check whether the student has sat down in time for lessons, whether he correctly put the notebook, whether it is attentive to the case. It is advisable to teach the son or daughter to start the lessons at the same time, to teach them how to treat their workplace properly, where everything necessary for the homework is stored in the appropriate order.
It is important to ensure that the child starts working with those items that were in the schedule today. This will allow the student not to forget the explanation of the new material, the rules for performing tasks, etc. It is not necessary to complete the task at once, it will even be better if the junior schoolboy returns to him again, the day before the lesson. It is desirable to start a homework assignment from a subject that is hard for the student. You can not forget about the alternation of oral and written assignments. It must be remembered that before the execution of written exercises, it is necessary to repeat the corresponding rules.
It is necessary to teach a child to work with drafts only if he is not sure of the correctness of his decision, and to have the opportunity to better understand the material. To teach a child to rely on their own knowledge and do without hints, you can use a veiled help. In this case, parents can say the following: "Do you remember, of course, that it is better to start with ..." or "It is more convenient to do ...", etc. It is possible to praise the kid in advance, this will increase the child's faith in their strength: At you, so diligent, everything will necessarily turn out ... ". All the homework the pupil must perform necessarily, even if he was not at school, so that there would be no shortcomings in knowledge. In the family it is necessary to create an atmosphere of goodwill, mutual understanding, then the homework will turn into an interesting process.