Any living organism in order to exist and maintain its normal physiological processes, must daily absorb a certain set of nutrients. Man, like any other living being, also needs daily food products. The set of nutrients that we need as food, and will be a biological diet. The main components of nutrition, which must necessarily be included in our diet, include proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals.
When there is insufficient or, on the contrary, excessive maintenance of these or other components of nutrition in our biological diet, the pathological condition begins to develop, which has received the general name of the disease of nutrition. In their manifestation, they can be quite diverse. For example, with a reduced content in a biological diet of one or another vitamin, hypovitaminosis develops. For example, vitamin A hypovitaminosis is accompanied by a deterioration of vision in the twilight, dryness of the cornea of the eye, a violation of a number of metabolic processes. With vitamin E hypovitaminosis, muscular dystrophy develops, the normal process of maturation and development of the sex cells is disrupted. The complete absence of this or that vitamin of food in the food is called avitaminosis. This nutritional disease leads to even more pronounced disorders in the body.
However, the surplus of certain substances in the biological diet can also lead to the development of nutritional diseases. So, with excessive consumption of fatty and carbohydrate-containing foods, our body begins to store the incoming excess calories in the form of fat deposits. With a constant intake of large amounts of fats or carbohydrates, a nutritional disease like obesity develops.
Decrease in protein diet of protein food is fraught with the development of another malnutrition - protein starvation. In this pathological condition, the structure of the muscle tissue is disturbed, since our muscles are 80% protein. If the lack of fat or carbohydrates in food can be compensated to some extent by the mutual transformation of these substances, protein starvation is a far more serious illness of nutrition. The fact is that neither fats, nor carbohydrates, nor any other components of nutrition can turn into proteins. And since enzymes that perform very important functions in our body are by their nature proteinaceous substances, the seriousness of such a malnutrition as protein starvation becomes understandable.
Mineral substances - this is another important component of the biological diet. A deficiency in food of this or that mineral element also provokes the emergence of nutritional diseases. For example, one of the reasons for the development of iron deficiency anemia may be a reduced amount of iron in the diet. Excess of this element leads to the development of such a nutritional disease as hypoxidosis.
Thus, in order to prevent the occurrence of foodborne illness, one should pay the closest attention to the formation of his biological diet and to monitor the intake of the strictly necessary quantity of all the nutritional components in the body.