Today we would like to tell you about an outstanding man of the 19th century. The children's writer Charlotte Bronte is forever included in the world literature. True fame brought her the novel "Jane Eyer". Partly biographical, he talks about the difficult fate of a child in the adult world.
Creativity of the children's writer Charlotte Bronte was a bright and significant phenomenon in the development of English critical realism.
The daughter of a poor and multifamily priest, Sh. Brontë lived all her life (1816-1855) in the village of Yorkshire. At a school for poor children, she received scant education, but continuously supplemented it throughout her life with reading and studying languages. Her life path is the path of an indefatigable hard worker, a constant struggle against grief and poverty. After the death of her mother and two sisters, she remained the eldest in the house when she was only nine years old. In order to get her livelihood, she was forced to serve as a governess for a while at the factory owner's house and personally experienced all the humiliations that she speaks outrageously in the mouths of the heroines of her novels.
The father of Charlotte in his youth published several collections of his poems. Sister Charlotte, Emily, wrote the novel "Wuthering Heights", and the other sister, Anna, even two novels, although these novels are much weaker than the works of Charlotte and Emily. Their brother was preparing to become an artist. As a child, they all composed poems and novels, and produced a manuscript magazine. In 1846 the sisters published a collection of poems at their own expense. But, despite the talent, their life was too heavy.
The children were held strictly in the family, never giving favors to flesh. Their food was the most Spartan, they were always dressed in dark clothes. Father Charlotte worried about the future of daughters. It was necessary to give them education so that they could, if necessary, serve as governesses or teachers. In the summer of 1824, the sisters of Charlotte leave for the inexpensive school with full board in Cowan Bridge: Maria and Elizabeth. A few weeks later, eight-year-old Charlotte, and then Emily.
Staying at Cowan Bridge was a hard test for Charlotte. It was very hungry and cold. Here she first tasted the bitterness of helplessness. In her eyes, sadistic tormented Mary, who irritated the teacher with her absent-mindedness, inaccuracy and resignation.
The sophisticated, tyrannical cruelty and fleeting consumption quickly led to a tragic end. In February, Mary was sent home, in May she died. And then it was Elizabeth's turn, who also had very poor health.
Now there were three sisters, but somehow it turned out that Emily and Ann formed their own special "dual" union, and Charlotte became closer to Branwell. Together they began to publish a home magazine for young people, drawing inspiration from the Blackwood Magazine. The problem of the formation of daughters for Patrick Bronte remained unresolved, but now he was more circumspect and wished to give Charlotte, who was the eldest in the family, to a more humane educational institution. Such was the Rohed School of Wooler sisters. The tuition fee was considerable, but the godmother Charlotte came to the rescue, and, with a heart, the goddaughter left for Rowhead.
Charlotte seemed strange to the girls. But all this did not stop to treat the silent and resolute Charlotte with great respect, because she seemed the embodiment of hard work and a sense of duty. Soon she became the first student in school, but even then she was not sociable.
In 1849, the sisters and brother of Charlotte die of tuberculosis, and she remains alone with the old and sick father. It was not easy for a poor and obscure girl from a remote province to punch her way into literature. Her first novel, The Teacher (1846), was not adopted by any publisher. But a year later the publication of the novel "Jane Eyre" (1847) was a significant event in the literary life of England. The bourgeois press sharply attacked the novel because of rebellious spirit, but it was this rebellious spirit that made the author's name widely known and beloved in democratic circles. By the time of the publication of "Shirley" (1849), all of England knew the name of Kerrer Bell - the pseudonym under which Sh. Brontë released "Jane Eyre". Kerrer Bell is a man's name, and for a long time readers did not know that a woman was hiding behind him. The writer had to resort to deception, because she was sure that the hypocritical English bourgeoisie would condemn her works only because they were written by a woman.
Bronte already had some experience in this respect: even before the publication of the collection of poems, she once sent a letter and her poems to the poet Robert Southey. He told her that literature is not a woman's occupation; a woman, in his opinion, should find satisfaction in the household and the upbringing of children. [2.3, 54]
After Shirley, Bronte wrote the novel "Vilette" (1853), in which she told about her short stay in Brussels, where she studied and worked in a boarding house in the hope of opening her own school. This enterprise in bourgeois England could provide the writer with greater independence. But the intention was never to be realized.
In Russia, the work of S. Bronte is known since the 50-ies of the XIX century. Translations of all her novels were published in Russian journals of the time; a number of critical works were devoted to him.
The most significant and popular is the novel by Sh. Bronte "Jane Eyre". The life story of Jane Eyre is the fruit of artistic fiction, but the world of its inner experiences is certainly close to Sh. Brontë. The narrative, which comes from the person of the heroine, is clearly lyrical in color. And although Bronte herself, unlike her heroine, who had known all the bitterness of orphanhood and other people's bread from her early childhood, grew up in a big family, surrounded by her brother and sisters - artistic natures, she, like Jane Eyre, was destined to survive all her loved ones .
Bronte died at the age of thirty-nine, burying her brother and sisters, and not recognizing the pleasures of marriage and motherhood, which she so generously endowed her literary heroine.