To this burning question: "How to determine whether a child develops correctly in 2 years?" Can not be given a precisely exact answer. Why? Yes, because all the children are different, and their development takes place in different ways - this is a proven fact, there is nothing to discuss here. However, nevertheless, there are the main points, skills and abilities that should be in the frequent use of children of one or another age - that's what we want to talk about with you.
To determine the level of development of your child and to understand whether it corresponds to the level that pediatricians establish for 2-year-olds, you need to carefully monitor the baby for several days. You will immediately understand: does he know how to do everything that a kid has to be able to do in 2 years.
It will be correct to evaluate not only the practical skills of the child, but also to assess, for example, the level of his social and physical development. Only if all the parameters are different (however, again, do not forget that your child may simply "not grow" to something, but somewhere, at the same time, "grow"), it will be possible say that the crumb develops correctly and naturally for its age.
Physical parameters of a 2-year-old child
So, the baby is already two years old, what are the characteristics of physical development you should observe?
If you have a son, then his weight at the moment on average should be about 12.7 kg. If you are the mother of a little princess, then this number drops to 12.2 kg. As for growth, usually boys in two years reach 88 cm, and girls - 86 cm, although this is most dependent on heredity.
The kid in two years should be very active, he is very attracted by the lively fervent games, the guys want to run as much as possible, skip. They already skilfully walk, they will not be stopped by an obstacle, even if it reaches a height of 20 centimeters! At the same time, he does not even slow down to cross the obstacle with one foot, but will do it as an adult. It seems that the baby's energy and energy are simply inexhaustible! And now my mother and father and grandmothers and grandfathers are tired, and the child jumps, falls, rises and again, jumps again!
However, this does not mean that you should exhaust him with long walks - you need to load the baby in accordance with his age, so, God forbid, do not overdo it and do no harm to the fragile body.
Usually at this tender age, guys can partially wear themselves. They are very good at managing caps and pantyhose, without difficulty they will put their shoes on their feet, though if they are fastened with velcro, and not tightened with laces.
On the neuropsychological development
The two-year-old is quite understandable, he easily perceives simple stories of adults - for example, you can tell him about the events of yesterday - and he will perfectly understand. His speech becomes more and more connected, in sentences are built into a logically grounded series of three words. He learns to use nouns and adjectives.
If you are to instill a love of literature from a child's nails and read a lot of short simple rhymes from him, then most likely, by the age of two, he will already remember some of them and can easily reproduce them.
The world around the baby is full of different colors, and he already knows what the main ones look like and are called.
Most likely, the mother of two-year-old child no longer experiences difficulties during feeding. She does not need to dance and sing, shaking toys, to put a spoonful of semolina in the mouth of her beloved child. He perfectly copes with a spoon and can eat himself. It's just as easy for a kid to drink from his cup.
Also, a child whose age has exceeded two years of age can boast of perfectly developed motor skills. Kids at this age just love to paint, although they do not really get it. But how interesting it is to observe how different lines and specks suddenly appear on a pure leaf! A pencil or felt-tip pen does not yet occupy the correct position in the hand, the crumb holds it with all its fist.
Of particular interest are the children and books. True, each in its own way. However, most often it is expressed in the unrestrained desire of the baby to grab the page and crumple the rustling paper. Here it is necessary to show firmness and explain to the kid that the book is not a toy, it is impossible to break and tear it.
You probably are sometimes annoyed that the baby climbs into all corners and crevices of the house, that he does not obey you and continues to do everything in his own way. Of course, you can press and establish over it total control and power. But is it necessary? Remember that now your baby is developing with leaps and bounds, very accelerated pace. Is it necessary to shoot him down from this path with his permanent prohibitions? In fact I eat so it is necessary to understand to the end the world in which it lives. Therefore, it is better to be patient and help the baby to get acquainted with what surrounds him.
There are several basic stoplights, noticing that your own child, you must sound an alarm or at least get agitated.
- If your child can not pronounce even three words, he does not show a gesture of at least two people close to him or does not know the names of at least three items in the room where he spends a lot of time.
- If the crumb can not sit down or stand up from the legs.
- If you notice that the kid is in poor contact with the outside world (for example, if he does not understand when they talk to him kindly, and when - strictly and categorically, when possible, and when not).
- If you pass an object past a kid, and he does not follow his eyes and does not try to take it and look closer.
- If at the time when you play a game that must be accompanied by a childish impatient expectation (for example, waiting: when will mother's face appear during a game of "cuckoo") - this is also an alarming signal.
- If you still feed the baby yourself or help him in this, and the baby does not try to establish a visual and emotional contact with you.
Baby and society: about social development
For sure you have often noticed with amazement and surprise that at the age of two your little one does not want to find a common language with his peers. Children do not want to get on side by side, let alone organize collective games - they will rather push and take toys from each other. The thing is that the kid at this age is very self-centered, and he simply can not understand how one can take into account the desire or need of another person.
Although to say that a two-year-old child is not asocial, he can even have friends-those children who are pleasant to him, games with which he gives the greatest number of positive emotions. Usually a friend painfully resembles your baby: he has the same temperament and character. However, it can not be called a full-fledged friendship - it can arise between the guys only after three or four years. Then their games will acquire a different character, they will not just play next to each other, but begin to interact and get a real pleasure from it.
The child's vocabulary sharply increases in the period between one and a half and two years. Usually when the crumb has already turned 2 years old, its vocabulary contains 100-300 words (the number depends on external factors). The words to these children are most understandable and accessible, he hears them and uses the objects they designate, from day to day. Therefore these words usually become the names of your favorite toys, objects that surround it. He already understands what are the different sizes, and in his speech you can already find words describing the magnitude of certain objects in relation to other objects (for example, "bear big" and "rabbit small").
The more you communicate with the child, read to him books, tell poems and fairy tales - the greater will be the vocabulary of the baby. Therefore, when you hear that a crumb has started speaking in his own language, which you do not understand, do not laugh at him, but try to understand and correct the child. Try from the very childhood to teach the child the correct pronunciation.
It's still hard for a kid to pronounce consonants with all the necessary firmness, so he softly softens these sounds (instead of "give" he says "dyay", instead of "tank" - "tjank"). In connection with the fact that his articulatory apparatus is not yet ready for heavy loads, in the speech of the baby you can not yet hear the hissing sounds or consonants "p" and "l".
In addition to the fact that crumbs, as they can, simplify their children's language, they also often shorten long and inconvenient words for pronunciation. For example, instead of the word "milk", he can constantly say "to", or "moko". Also often a two-year-old child can not decide for a long time how to pronounce a particular word, so he can constantly pronounce it differently, throwing out one complex sound, then another.
Even if your child can loudly and shrilly squeak, yet weak vocal cords and untrained speech device will not allow him to talk very loudly. The baby's voice is always a little muffled, quiet. This same reason generates frequent replacement of voiced consonants - deaf (for example, instead of a clear "bomb-bomb", the child says "pom-pom").
Children's speech in two years is already rich in intonation. The kid knows that if he wants something, you need to turn to your mother with a demanding voice. And if something hurts him, then the intonation instantly "moves off" to a plaintive note.
For the second year the child will improve his speech skills and will surely succeed in this. After all, he is no longer stupid, and understands that only with the help of logically connected words he can satisfy some of his needs (since one must be able to ask for their fulfillment). But to an adult and competent speech to the kid still very far! He still can not boast of a rich vocabulary and often makes his work easier, replacing complex words with simple combinations of syllables (instead of "eating" he will simply say "am-am"). In addition, in the speech of the child you can now hear only those names of objects with which the kid directly encounters during the game or apartment research. Naturally, to expect from a crumb of some grammatical coherence of sentences there is no sense. He does not yet know about the magical power of prepositions and conjunctions, he does not know how to correctly put an end to a word. Well, of course, it will still be with the head to give out the wrong, distorted pronunciation of most words. He will swap syllables or even throw them out of words for more than a week.
Developing, playing ...
It's not yet the time when the development of your baby will be dealt directly with those people who know how to organize it - that is, teachers. So far, the main stimulus and "pusher" of the child's mental processes is you, so you need to be able to properly organize leisure so that during the game the child learns and develops in parallel. This will help "catch up" with your peers in all respects, if it seems to you that you and the baby are a little behind.
So, what games can you play with a two-year-old?
For this game you will need to select several similar toys of different colors and find paper leaves of the same colors. You can take, for example, cars or rubber pshchalki in the form of beasts.
Lay out this inventory on the floor and make yourself comfortable with the baby. Play separately with each chosen toy, simulating its present behavior. For example, if you have small animals, then show the baby how the frog croaks and jumps, how the growling lion roars and jumps, as a little bird chirps.
After that, take the prepared leaves and lay them straight on the floor in front of the baby. For each piece of paper put a toy of the same color and explain to the baby that this is a house for your little animals (or garages for cars - whichever you choose for the game). Every time you put a toy on one or another leaf, say aloud about what kind of color they are and why you put the toy on this piece of paper. After that, you can mix toys and invite the child to choose a house for each animal.
Game two: What will float, and what will drown?
Prepare a big basin for the game, pour a little water in there (do not pour a full basin, as in the process you can splash, and even pour the entire floor around). Take three or four items that are made from different materials and have different characteristics of buoyancy. For example, a jam from wine or champagne, a metal spoon, a small twig and a children's plastic cup will do. Many items do not type - the kid can just get confused in them.
Now invite the kid to the game and ask: how does he think, which of the objects will stay on the water, and which ones will drown? It is likely that the answer of the child will be wrong, but do not be upset - he is not familiar with the properties of certain objects and your goal is to teach him this.
After the child has expressed his assumptions about what will drown, and what will float, throw all these objects in a basin of water and allow the crumb to play enough with the objects.
While the child is carried away by the "bathing" of objects, you in parallel in a playful form tell him about his properties. For example: "Baby, it's a cork, it's made of very light, airy material, so it does not sink in the water, but floats on the surface." Or so: "And this is a spoon, it is made of metal. And since the metal is very heavy, the spoon can not swim - and immediately drowns. "
Do not forget that after each game you need to teach your child to clean up with him. So when you're done, ask him to pull all the items out of the water and wipe it dry with a clean towel.
Thanks to this simple and fun game for kids, kids will learn to understand. What properties can possess this or that subject.
Game three: And who gave this voice?
In this game you will learn from the baby the voices of birds and beasts. Therefore, you will need either toys or pictures, on which the mother animals and their children will be represented in pairs. It is best to choose those animals with which the baby is already familiar: for example, a mouse and a gray mouse, a duck and a tiny duckling, a frog and its green calf, a cow and calf, a cat and a kitten, a dog and a puppy, a chicken and a chicken.
First you will need to carefully examine each animal (or picture) and tell the child what sounds this or that animal produces. On a mandatory basis, note that in adult animals voices are worse, louder, more zychney. And their young voices are thin, squeaky. The kid should understand that the voice of an adult animal (as well as an adult) differs from that of a baby (or child).
Take the cat in your hands, stroke it and mew meekly: "Meow!". Ask the kid: "And who is this meows so loud? And who says "meow" in a thin, sonorous voice? That's right, it's a baby cat mom. And what is the name of her baby? Yes, a kitten. And how does the kitten mew? ".
Similarly, beat the voices of the cowboy, the toad and all the other toys you have selected, constantly asking the baby about how the little animals are called and how they talk, how the adult voice differs from the child.
We just told you about the preparatory, introductory stage of the game. Now let's go directly to teaching fun.
So, you have already determined and remembered which animal is making a sound, as they are called cubs - now you can start the game.
Lay out on the floor in front of the child all the toys or pictures with the animals. Now ask the crumb to turn away, and at this time simulate the voice of some animal, for example, meow loudly. The kid should guess, first, the voice of which animal just sounded and, secondly, whether it was an adult cat, or a small kitten? Ask your child to show you a picture of the animal that just gave a voice.
Now change roles - turn yourselves away, and let the child let out the voices of animals. You, too, guess and praise your own, when he especially accurately gets a simulated voice.
This is a very good and kind game, with the help of it you can show the child and consolidate his knowledge about what animals exist, what their children are called and what their voices are, what distinguishes an adult voice from a thin child's voice. A great exercise for developing memory!
Here in such simple ways you can check how much the level of development of your two-year-old child is accepted by pediatricians and child psychologists norms. However, as we have already said, it is not necessary to be equal solely to these norms, all the children go in their own way of development and may somewhere lag behind their peers, but at the same time have something ahead of them. Just do not forget: at this age the child grabs everything on the fly, you just have to manage to give him all this knowledge. Therefore, a properly organized joint holiday with games and developing activities will help you grow a real prodigy!