So, let's say you just played with the kid in a moving game or ate, something amused him, he took a sharp breath - and coughed desperately. Or he grabbed a small object, unexpectedly, and sent it into his mouth. This was followed by a cough. You realized with horror that something had got into your mouth. What to do if the child has already swallowed a foreign body, which now prevents him from breathing?
Firstly, if you have not seen that something has got into the baby's mouth, carefully look, does he have signs of getting a foreign body into the respiratory tract? These are the signs:
- it became difficult for the child to breathe, although literally half a minute ago he still happily ate the kashka / played with small details, and nothing foreshadowed troubles;
- the baby's breath suddenly seemed to become difficult and prolonged;
- the child began to grab hold of the neck;
- His voice was hoarse or the tone of his voice changed;
- When the child inhales, he makes a strange wheezing noise;
- the baby has a strong cough, which is often accompanied by a profuse vomiting;
- the child's breathing became hoarse and too frequent;
- If your baby is able to show where he hurts, then he will complain about the pain behind his chest;
- he began to gasp, his lips acquired a blue tinge;
- you noticed that the kid tries to yell, say something or cry, but he does not get it.
So, you can understand that the baby has something stuck in the airways in two ways: either you saw with your own eyes how the object hit the baby in your mouth, or you noticed how the crumbs showed signs of suffocation or clinical death.
Then events can develop according to two scenarios, which depend on the child's well-being after he has swallowed this small and very dangerous foreign body. The baby is either in a state of coughing, perhaps, burping; or he lost consciousness and had a clinical death.
Let's first consider the first option: what to do if the toddler gets a foreign body in his mouth, but the signs of suffocation do not appear yet? Most likely, at this moment your child will convulsively cough hoarse, so we will give you the most valuable, perhaps, advice: never stop this cough! It is thanks to the cough that the kid can spit out a foreign object himself, and no your pats on the back will help in this situation better than a natural cough. So do not bother him, do not make him stop coughing and do not worry - let him try to cope on his own.
So if a couple of minutes have passed and the child is still trying to clear his throat on his own, if his breathing, even if it's whistling, but stable and does not stop for a long time, if it does not turn blue, then take such measures. Immediately call an ambulance and transfer the child to a place where fresh air unobstructed circulates through the room (the freshest room with large windows that can be opened or a balcony at all) and ask the baby to cough properly. If the child is in a pose that seems uncomfortable or unnatural to you - do not correct it, at this moment the crumb is more visible, in which position it is most convenient for him to clear his throat. It is best if the toddler is standing or, in extreme cases, sitting, but if he does not have enough strength to hold this position, put it on his side so that he lies steadily and does not tip over on his back. Wait for the doctors to come and do not weaken your attention to the state of the baby for a second, as soon as you notice that his condition worsens, that the baby stops coughing, can not talk to you and breathe, or loses consciousness - be ready to proceed to the second stage of action , rescue.
So, what if your crust swallowed a small thing that corked the airways and prevented breathing? If the child has lost consciousness, immediately proceed to action. Naturally, you will be overwhelmed by the fear that you can only aggravate the situation by your actions. However, drop all fears: it will not be worse for sure. "Ambulance" in practice is not always so fast, you need to remember that there are situations when the health and even the life of your child depends on you. So, we proceed to urgent rescue operations. First you need to check - perhaps, the foreign body is not so deeply stuck in the child's throat. And you can pull it out yourself, without waiting for the doctors to come. To check this, put the baby and open his mouth. The upper jaw is held with the index finger of one hand, the lower one is fixed with the thumb of the other hand, parallel with the same finger pressing the tongue so that it does not fail. Now carefully examine the oral cavity: perhaps you will see a foreign body and can easily remove it?
However, there is a strong warning: if you still do not see a stuck thing, do not try to get it at random, blindly, because there is a huge risk that you will only aggravate the situation by pushing the subject deeper into the esophagus.
Further actions directly depend on the child's age, because the next step will be an attempt to push out the foreign body from the throat.
If the child is less than a year old ...
Put the crumb on your hand, and your hand on your knees. The baby's head should be lower than the body. Next, you need to make five accurate, but strong enough strokes between the baby's blades - you need to beat the base of the palm, directing the blows as if from the back - to the head crumbs.
After this, lay the baby on the back, on his knees, again lowering his head below the trunk. Very quickly, make five clicks with your index and middle finger on your chest, right in the middle, lowering your sternum down by about 2 centimeters.
If you have a preschooler ...
Actions are approximately the same: first put the child on his knees so that the body is located higher than the head, and make five strokes with the palm between the shoulder blades, directing each blow from the back to the head. Then put the child on a flat surface on the back, and make five pressure on the chest, but with the entire palm, and lowering the sternum at the same time by 3 centimeters.
If you have a schoolboy ...
Standing behind and slightly to the side of the child, supporting it with one hand over the chest, tilt it slightly forward. Do all the same five strokes on the back between the blades in the direction from below - up. If this does not help, then proceed to cardinal measures - stand up from behind, clasp the child around the waist. One fist, press between the navel and the beginning of the sternum, and the second hand tightly grasp the fist. Make five punches, directing them as if upwards, and simultaneously - inside.
If the condition of an adult child is such that it can not stand, take the following measures. Put the child on a flat surface, preferably - on the floor, since you will need space for movement. Stand over the child on your knees, clutching his legs between them. Fold the palms one on one and place them on the body area between the lower end of the thorax and the baby's navel and make five strong jerks, directing the pressure up and inward.
These strokes and tremors that you carry out, replace the child with a cough - they provoke the appearance of pressure in the airways, so they can push out the object that is stuck. Therefore, after every 5 strokes on the back and 5 clicks on the sternum, check the oral cavity of the child - did the ill-fated foreign body appear there?
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
If all your operative actions do not lead to extrusion of foreign matter from the respiratory tract, and the child is already starting to lose consciousness and stops breathing, then immediately proceed with cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
What it is? This is a chain of actions that are aimed at removing a person from clinical death. How can you determine the onset of clinical death? On three grounds: if there is no breath, there is no consciousness and no blood circulation. These are the factors that are the signal for the onset of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
What should you do when a child has a clinical death due to the fact that he swallowed a foreign body stuck in the airways? If you are at home alone - shout, call your neighbors, let someone come to your rescue. Resuscitate immediately, remember that you have only 5-8 minutes to force the child to breathe, then there will be a biological death, the way back from which, alas, no.
After a minute of active resuscitation, tear yourself away for a moment, and call an ambulance - and resume the resuscitation until the medical staff comes to your rescue. If there is someone else in the house with you, entrust communication with the ambulance and dispatchers to him, let them dictate what the duty doctors say, resuscitate as well, until the doctors arrive.
Remember the three stages of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, without losing sight of and the sequence of their conduct, as this is extremely important .
Stage 1 - release of the respiratory tract from the foreign body;
Stage 2 - artificial respiration;
Stage 3 - massage the heart.
We have already described above what you should do in order to extract a dangerous object from the respiratory tract. When you are convinced that there is nothing more in the neck of the child - you can start artificial respiration (if, of course, the child does not breathe after the removal of the foreign body). But if you did not manage to get it - then cardiopulmonary resuscitation can not be done, since artificial respiration will only push the dangerous object further.
So, if the airways are released - put the crumb on the floor and throw his head, raise his chin a little - so the airways will open and be ready to pass the feeding oxygen. Remove clothing if it interferes with chest movements, if you are worried and can not quickly and accurately remove it - rip or cut it.
Now let's talk about the technique of performing artificial respiration. So, the starting position: the child lies on the floor with his head thrown back, you lifted his chin and opened his mouth. Now inhale, and exhale simultaneously in the mouth and nose of the child, as if covering them from above with your lips. If the child is older and you can not physically exhale into two holes at once, then pinch the baby's spout and make artificial mouth-to-mouth breathing. If, for some reason (cramp, for example), you can not open the mouth to the baby, make your mouth breathe in your nose, but only if you open your lips really is not possible.
Blow air into the child's lungs for 1.5 seconds - no more, do not forget that they are still too small. Remember, after each your exit the baby's breast should rise. After five exhalations, stop a little and watch the chest slowly sink into place. If you notice that the chest does not move at all, then try to tilt the baby's head even more and make five more exhalations. And if, after this, the thorax does not move, then one can draw only one conclusion: in the airways, something is stuck. Try again to force a foreign object out of the child's throat.
When everything comes back to normal, and the chest will rise after blowing air into the lungs, and then - go down, then you can proceed to the third, last stage of cardiopulmonary resuscitation - to a massage of the heart.
Attention: during the massage of the heart the child (however, like an adult) should lie on a firm and level surface, this condition is mandatory for performance. The place you need to press on is also the same for everyone: it's the middle of the chest.
If you have a child for up to a year, then you need to press the index and middle fingers of your hand, if the child is older - with one hand or two.
Each your push should lower the chest by about a third. You need to press very often, doing about a hundred pushes per minute. The "one" account is two movements of the massage: pressing the cell and releasing the cage (these two movements should take approximately the same time interval, do not tighten and do not accelerate pressing and releasing).
When you make thirty massage scores - stop. Tilting his head and lifting the child's chin, make artificial respiration by taking two breaths of air into the lungs. This is the standard ratio of 30 massage accounts for 2 expirations to the lungs .
If you have a disease that prevents you from doing artificial respiration to someone, this is no reason not to do a heart massage - it's better than nothing! Just as if you were physically exhausted and can no longer press your chest with such a crazy speed - it's better just to slow down the pace, then lower your hands. You can finish the massage when the doctors arrive, or in case the child begins to breathe.
As you can see, sometimes the outcome of a situation where a baby swallowed a dangerous small foreign body and it clogged his respiratory tracts depends only on the speed of your reaction and knowing what you need to do. Remember two simple truths: it is better to do at least something than do nothing; It is necessary to know the sequence of resuscitation measures in order to help the child. The maternal instinct is, of course, a powerful thing, but in life-threatening, stressful critical situations, it can be "frightened" itself, and then you have to rely on what you already know. And, you know, in such cases there is absolutely no time to read the instructions and recommendations. Therefore, the resuscitation plan must be learned by heart. We hope, our article will help you to stock up with the necessary knowledge that will be useful in a critical situation. But most of all we urge you to be attentive to your own children, especially very small ones, since tight control will help to avoid the very occurrence of such a life-threatening one.