Many parents consider the very first steps in the motor development of crumbs as a serious stage in the development of crumbs, and this is quite true: after all, the uprightness combines a lot of complex and important skills that the child learns in the first year of life.
But at the same time one must remember: preparing for this, of course, an important event, a tiny little man learns a lot of motor skills that are not so obvious to the parent eye, although they are all very important and are some kind of steps in development. Moreover, the appearance of these or other motor skills can say a lot about the development of the child and his health, and reasonably stimulating their occurrence, we not only help the baby to develop physically, but, and bring it closer to mastering other important skills. Of course, the development of each child is purely individual, and all the standards - this is just an approximate guide for parents. However, it is still desirable to pay attention to them and, if necessary, help the crumb to learn important steps. Thus, we are laying a solid foundation for the further development of both the physical and intellectual development of the little man.
Secrets of success
During the first year of life, the stages of development are easily distinguished. You will easily notice that a crumb who has just recently been keenly manipulating objects, begins to devote less time and effort to this lesson, but is actively mastering the coup. In the future, small and large motor skills will develop in parallel, only accenting this or that sphere. Motor development of the child is associated with a mass of complex processes in the field of the formation of nerve connections. So, if a child learns a skill with a delay, this is also a diagnostic signal to the observant crumb of the pediatrician, and an occasion for parents to help the child cope with the problem.
Stages of a long way
Conditionally, the development of the baby in the first year of life can be divided into several stages.
- First three months
In crumbs the most active motor development. The kid receives a variety of signals from the environment, contacting different people and objects. Gradually, he begins to realize that his limbs can obey his commands and desires. At this stage, the little man primarily learns to control the movements of the hands and feet.
- Three to six months
Small motor skills are developing more actively. The child gradually learns to own fingers and do the simplest movements such as intentional capture of toys.
- From six to nine months
Another leap in the development of large motor skills. Kroha begins to coordinate the movements of the crooks, legs and body, learns to turn over, get on all fours, crawl. Then he begins to prepare for walking thoroughly: he learns to get up, move his legs. The small child does not yet have motor stereotypes, that is, figuratively speaking, he performs a thought operation for each movement, and does not walk like an adult, "on the machine." Therefore, sometimes the child can and even needs to show something, suggest that For effective motor development, in addition to the "program" inherent in every person, the kid needs the right environment in which he can develop, and the appropriate stimuli that cause him to move, attract him. After all, a perfectly healthy child, constantly kept in a crib, does not play with him, does not show a new and interesting, will not develop normally. We also need to remember that any human being needs emotional support from loved ones in order to achieve success. And your baby is no exception. Here are exemplary norms of motor development for the first year of life.
- 0 to 3 months
At this stage, the kid seems to be a fool, who only eats, sleeps and does big and small things. However, in fact, he receives and comprehends a huge amount of information from the outside world. During the first weeks of life, the infant does not make a sharp jump in development, it undergoes a period of adaptation to the conditions of extrauterine life. And then he becomes interested in the world around him. 9 What does the little man learn? In the beginning, he simply gets used to the new sense organs for him, learns to perceive touches, sounds, smells, light and color. Then he slowly starts to react to them. Gradually he learns to look at objects, trace them with a look, turn his head, hold her.
• What should I look for? Try not to overdo with new impressions. When there are too many of them, the baby's nervous system can fail. Talk more with the baby, show him interesting toys, often wear on pens. If he is interested in something and demonstrates this with a look, bring it closer to the subject, help touch, tell me what it is. However, do not entertain a tired or crying child. Create him a cosiness and peace.
Motor and health
Always support the baby's head. If your child cries much, if he is tortured by colic, try to avoid an abundance of stimuli, consult a good pediatrician and a children's masseuse or an osteopath - perhaps adaptation to the extrauterine life is not going as smoothly as one would like, and unpleasant feelings prevent the baby from developing.
- 3 to 6 months
At this stage, the kid actively develops fine motor skills and begins to make a lot of meaningful movements. By the end of this period, many kids are starting to have a good grasp of the handles and are trying to make complicated corners of the body, reacting to the sound, some even begin to turn over.
What does the little one learn?
The kid begins to play with pens and legs: he grabs one hand with the fingers of the other, grabs himself by the legs, pulls his hands and feet into his mouth. Gradually, he learns to take also foreign objects. At first, he hardly holds the rattle that you put into his pen, then starts more confidently to take it on his own, then tries to manipulate it, sometimes hitting himself with an unsuccessful attempt. And a little later, especially when the teeth begin to erupt, the crumb will pull everything into the mouth. In addition to worry, this should cause joy: the child makes a coordinated meaningful complex movement. What should I look for? The kid needs space for training coordination of the visual apparatus and motor skills. The child should be able to reach the object and have fun. For starters, the mobile is convenient, the toy can be beaten by the handles when lying on its back. The incentive for such activities can be a pleasant sound, encouraging precise movement, for example, a bell. While your baby does not master the confident capture of objects, they should be easily accessible. Try to place objects on the mobile in different positions: not only right in front of the baby's eyes, but also to the left, to the right, to stimulate a variety of movements. It will also gradually prepare the crumb for the development of the turn.
• Motor activity and health. If the baby is not interested in toys at 4 months, does not try to reach the objects with handles (does not slap his mother in the face, does not play with his legs, etc.), it is worth consulting with a doctor. Normally, by the age of six months, the toddler must be able to turn over from the abdomen to the back and from the back to the abdomen. In order to stimulate it, lure the crumb with bright and unusual toys, do various exercises that will tell him how to move properly. For example, the child lying on the back can be knee-fed through the other leg on his side - after that he completes the procedure with the help of the body and understands how correctly.
6 to 9 months
At this stage, the kid learns to turn around in all directions, sit and crawl. Its development is gaining momentum, and you literally can not keep up with it: every day there is something new! 9 What does the little man learn? Having mastered the coup, the baby learns to sit down. Keep in mind that all children do this in different ways. Very rarely a child can sit down on the back due to the muscles of the abdomen and back. More often than not, the crumb is crouching, helping oneself with arms and legs. Usually after that, he tries to get on all fours, although some children prefer to crawl for a long time in Plastun. Standing on all fours, the baby can not immediately crawl - it's still too difficult. In the beginning, it will swing for a long time, making many unsuccessful movements. By the end of the ninth month, most children are crawling confidently, and some are trying to stand with support. What should I look for? Despite the fact that development - a purely individual thing, it is desirable to stimulate the crumbs, so that it goes through the stage of crawling. Experts are sure: this is very important for its development and muscle training. The baby should be encouraged to crawl, giving him freedom of movement on the carpet and attracting interesting toys. There are quite a lot of crawling methods, there are also very exotic ones that can alert a pediatrician. Normally the baby should move all the limbs well, the movements must be symmetrical. Not all children like to sit. Some begin to crawl before they sit down. This also needs to be told to the doctor during the examination. To force a crumb to sit, if he does not want it, it is not necessary. If he did not have an objective discomfort in a sitting posture, he would use it with pleasure to play. A competent doctor will tell you exercises that strengthen muscle crumbs, prescribe a massage session, etc. Motor and health. Remember that full children are harder to move than for "bait." Very often, the fullness of the child is caused by malnutrition, although there are other reasons, of course, if your child is quite large, talk to the doctor watching him on this topic. it is important that the crumb would have scope for independent movements, make every effort to make your home or at least a children's room safe for a small slider. The child's ability to control his body, the joy of his own successes help him u educate the positive qualities of the character.
- From 9 to 12 months
Kid on the finish line to the first steps. Do not rush it, do not put it on the legs, if it does not require it. Pursuit is a very complex process, and it must be properly prepared. If the child actively and wonderfully creeps, but does not even try to walk - it does not matter, it's fine. Crawling is useful for the muscles and development of the nervous system.
• What does the baby learn? Gradually, the kid realizes that he can move even vertically - up. He tries to crawl on a low bed, learns to get up. In these situations, it is necessary to ensure its safety (for example, to cover the mats with space at the foot of the sofa), and not restrict movement. It's good if the baby has a variety of incentives: toys lying on chairs and a sofa, etc. To train walking with a pedestal, you can put a toy on one end of the sofa, when the crumb holds on to the other. At some point he will get tired of falling on all fours and crawling towards the target, and he will start moving with stepping steps. Closer to the year, many children want to go for the pen, and then make their first independent steps.
• What should I look for? Do not be impatient and do not require the child to "verticalize" ahead of time, let him train the brain and muscles with crawling. Pay special attention to safety. The majority of children at this age are quite initiative and risk to fill a lot of cones.
• Motor activity and health. Some children begin to walk much later than their peers. Most often they have developmental features that do not allow them to do this before. Do not despair, but do not forget that the motor activity allows you to judge the development of the nervous system as a whole - be in touch with a competent neurologist or pediatrician.