Berezkin: description.
The sprouts can reach a height of 5-7 m. The leaves of the plant are simple, opposite, have an oval shape and petioles. The foliage is usually green or mottled. The flowers of the spindle are 4-5-membered, bisexual, in simple or complex semi-zodiacs, rarely solitary. The fruits of the plant are very beautiful: the leathery 4-5-nested boxes of the spindle are painted in pink. Seeds are framed by a bright aryllus (that is, a sapling).
Most of the euonymus is poisonous.
In Russia, grows about 20 types of spindles. The most valuable are European spindle and scribbled warty, since they are gutta-perchahenic plants - gutta percha is found in their roots and bark. These species grow mainly in the European part of the country.
It is also widely used in folk medicine. As a medicinal raw material, bark, leaves, branches and seeds of the plant that have anthelmintic, antimicrobial, diuretic, expectorant, insecticidal, antiparasitic and laxative effects are used.
The spindles are quite unpretentious, as well as shade-tolerant. They are suitable for breathable weakly alkaline, neutral and humus soils. In addition, plants tolerate transplant and pruning well and can be kept in urban conditions. For example, spindles often grow in parks and gardens as ornamental shrubs. With their help, green spaces are planted, for example, corridors and production hallways. Some species are used in home floriculture. Houseplant spindle is perfectly combined with hibiscus, pittosporum and fatshedere.
The sprouts are not grown because of the beauty of the flowering, but because of the attractive crown, as the plants rarely blossom with artificial cultivation. The beauty of the crown depends on the correct care. If care is sufficient, the crown can get very thick and have an unusual shape.
Sporelets with variegated leaves are found quite often. The leaves of these plant species are covered with patches and strips of golden yellow or white flowers.
Care of the plant.
The most popular for growing in room conditions is one type of spindle-bearing spindle - Japanese spindle. This is largely due to the fact that other species in winter require a fairly low temperature, which is practically unattainable at home. In addition, spindle leaves are high, which makes it difficult to find them in the room. The plant also needs a lot of light at any time of the year. The requirements of spindles are easily explained: in wild conditions they grow where there is not hot, but a lot of light.
The Japanese spindle is a subtropical plant that can decorate your garden or balcony in the summer. In addition, he is very unpretentious.
The spindle sprout is very fond of diffuse light. They are also not afraid of direct sunlight, but in small quantities. The spindles tolerate a partial penumbra, but the mottled leaves of some species can turn yellow due to lack of light.
The plant feels badly in a hot heat, therefore it is best to keep it in cool rooms with an air temperature of no higher than 25 ° C in summer. In winter, spindle (as well as other plants from the subtropics) needs a temperature of 6-8 ° C. In extreme cases, up to 12 ° C. At a higher temperature, the leaves of the plant can fall off.
In the spring and summer, these house plants are watered abundantly as the upper layer of the earth dries. Winter and autumn should be watered moderately. If the room is very cold, then it should be watered with great care. Soil can not be waterlogged. Water for irrigation should be settled.
The spindle is not important for the humidity, but regular spraying will do him good. Sprinkle the plant followed by boiled water, otherwise the spindle leaves quickly become contaminated due to the settling of a large number of salts. Spray should be large specimens, the smaller ones can be washed under the shower.
During the vegetative period it is necessary to clean the spindle from thickening or weak shoots, cutting them. For a good branching in the spring, you need to pinch shoots.
If desired, you can grow a spindle with several trunks or make a stamping tree from it. To receive a dense and unusual crown is possible with the help of timely and correct pruning - this promotes the development of sleeping buds and the formation of a large number of young shoots. You can form absolutely any crown. You can leave all the large skeletal branches at the spindle, including the lower part of the trunk. And you can give the plant a stamp form, that is, remove the lower branches. When the tree reaches a certain height, you can make frequent and intensive pruning - this will give the crown of the spindle form a spherical shape. You can give the tree the shape of an ellipse or cone - it all depends on your skills and desires.
Young plants are usually transplanted annually, and adults are every two to four years.
The mixture of humus earth (1 hour), turf ground (2 hours), foliage (1 hour) and sand (1 hour) is best for a spindle brush. A mixture of sand (1 h), turf ground (3 h) and peat (0.5 h) will also be suitable.
The spindle sprouts with green cuttings, seeds, and also by dividing the bush.
Before planting seeds, they must first stratify 3-4 months at a temperature of 2-3 ° C, until a strong peel does not burst in 70-80% of the seeds. Then the seeds need to be cleaned from the seedling and etch in a half-percentage solution of potassium permanganate. Stratify the seeds best in calcined coarse-grained sand or in a moistened weakly-decomposed sphagnum (1: 2). Seeds are sown in a mixture of humus earth (2 hours), leafy earth (4 hours), turf ground (1 hour) and sand (1 hour).
Green cuttings for reproduction are better cut in June or July with elastic young shoots. The stem must be 4-6 cm long and have one interstice. Root the cuttings in the following way: pour a layer of sand into the container (4 hours), top place the mixture from turf ground (1 hour), leaf earth (2 h), humus (1 h) and sand (0.5 h .). Cuttings will take root in about one and a half to two months.
Possible difficulties
With too bright light, the leaves of the spindle can fade, their edges may curl, and the tips dry out.
If the soil is waterlogged, the spindle leaf can discard the leaves and stop growing.
The plant sheds leaves in winter with low humidity and high temperature.
Dangerous for spindle leaves such pests as mealy mullet and aphids. The plant can be damaged due to fungal diseases.