Gymnastics and massage contribute to the overall strengthening of the musculature, individual muscles and joints, the formation of the correct bearing of the child. The school sports program includes elements of general development, sports and applied gymnastics. General developmental gymnastics is subdivided, in turn, into hygienic, rhythmic, or aerobic, and athletic gymnastics. Gymnastics is artistic gymnastics and acrobatics. Applied gymnastics includes industrial, military and therapeutic gymnastics. All this variety of types of gymnastics is included in the concept of "physical culture and physical education of schoolchildren." Gymnastic classes for schoolchildren are qualitatively different from gymnastics for preschool children. And gymnastics intended for children of primary school age (from seven to ten years), in turn, differs from gymnastics for children of secondary (ten-fourteen years) and senior classes (fifteen to seventeen years). How to properly massage for children of school age, you will learn in the article on the topic "Massage, physical education for school-age children."
Children of primary school age have not yet formed the musculoskeletal system. Their body is very mobile and has good flexibility. From forced long sitting at the desk and at home for lessons, schoolchildren often acquire curvature of the spine, their posture is disrupted. Therefore, the whole complex of gymnastics exercises for children of primary school age is aimed at maintaining and forming their posture and is mostly playful in nature: the complex includes various kinds of rebuilding, exercises with balls and hoop, climbing, jumping, running, balance exercises, and dance and acrobatic exercises. These exercises are performed by children with great enthusiasm. The average school age differs in that during this period the child begins puberty. His bone system grows rapidly, and muscle tissue does not keep up with her. The child constantly gets tired even from minor physical exertion, at this time his coordination of movements is disturbed. Therefore, gymnastics for children of secondary school age should include more complex exercises. And gymnastic exercises for girls and boys are chosen different. Exercises for girls of this age should include elements for flexibility and mobility, that is, elements of rhythmic gymnastics, while exercises for teenage boys are strength exercises using various sports equipment and equipment.
At the senior school age, when the process of forming the body is almost complete, gymnastic exercises should be the nature of training young people for adulthood and work. For girls, senior students are selected exercises that form the female body, the organism of the future mother, and for the young men - gymnastic exercises that help them prepare for work and service in the army. When selecting a set of exercises for gymnastics for children of different ages, it is necessary to take into account the individual characteristics of children, and especially the level of their health. Children with diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory system need to select special complexes. They should include only exercises that contribute to the overall strengthening of the young body, normalizing the work of the heart and circulatory or respiratory organs. These exercises should ensure the maintenance of the child's body in working condition and the prevention of various kinds of complications. These exercises constitute the so-called curative gymnastics. Perform gymnastic exercises best in a special sport uniform and shoes. After gymnastics it is necessary to take a shower or visit a sauna or a sauna in order to fix the body, clean it of sweat and other products of excretion.
Self-massage
A child of school age is able to independently self-massage hands and feet, as well as other parts of his body. This can be taught to health workers or adult family members. Self-massage will help him to eliminate stagnation of blood in the inactive parts of the body, normalize the cardiac activity and circulation, improve breathing. Knowledge and ability to perform self-massage techniques will allow a child to maintain his body in working condition, without resorting to the help of adults. For self-massage, you need to take a comfortable pose while sitting on a chair or in a chair. Try to relax the muscles completely. Sections of the body that will be subjected to self-massage, should be smeared with vaseline, cream or sprinkled with talcum (depending on skin type). Self-massage of the feet begins with the massaging movements of the leg of one leg. Then massage the knee joint, thigh, buttocks. After this, they pass to the other leg, lower back, back parts, to which you can reach the hand, neck and head. The chest and abdomen are massaged with the penultimate. Finish self-massage with hands massaging.
Self-massage of lower leg
Sit comfortably on a chair. Put a foot of one foot on a firm pillow on a stool or ottoman. Stroke your foot. Then make your hands stroking your feet, clasping it around. Alternate these techniques with a slight grinding of the lower leg.
Self-massage of the hip
Sit on the floor and slightly bend one leg, pulling it to yourself. Place a small pillow under the knee. Embrace the thigh with your hands and perform stroking it. Change the stroking by rotational movements and rubbing. Periodically you can slightly shake the hip.
Lumbar self-massage and back sections
These parts of the body are best massaged in a standing position. Hand your hands behind your back. Back of the hand, stroke the lower back and back. These movements must be carried from the bottom up.
Shoulders self-massage
Sit on a chair near the table. Hold one arm on your elbow, placing a pillow under it. Hand the other hand behind the head and with your fingers make rotational and kneading movements, starting from the back of the neck, moving around the neck and to the shoulder. Similarly, massage the second shoulder.
Self-massage neck
Sit on a chair. Put both hands behind your head and put it on your neck. Then, with both hands at the same time circular movements of your fingers rub your neck, moving from the back of the neck. Similar movements make from below upwards.
Belly self-massage
Sit on a chair. Lean your back against the back of the chair. Put your hands on your belly. Then, the hand, which directly touches the surface of the abdomen, squeeze into a fist and press both hands on the abdominal cavity. After this, rotate the arms around the abdomen in a circle, clockwise (movement similar to a spinning spiral).
Self-massage hands
Sit around the table. Place one hand on the table, bending it at the elbow. Vigorous movements from the hand to the shoulder joint stroking. Similarly, massage the other hand.
Self-massage forearm
Sit around the table. Place one hand on the table, bending it at the elbow joint. Embrace the forearm in such a way that the large, slightly detached finger was on top. With thumb pads, do kneading and pressing on the surface of the shoulder joint. Move from the hand to the elbow. When doing self-massage, it is not recommended to massage the popliteal fossa and the area of the lymph nodes (axillary cavities, groin and the like). Massage for schoolchildren is a guarantee of health and longevity. Now we know how to do the right massage, physical education for school-age children.