According to statistics, the ovarian cyst in one or another period of life is observed in most women. This is a fluid-filled formation that can form in the ovary at any age, from adolescence to menopause. In general, the potential risk for a pregnant woman can only be represented by the cyst if it reaches a large size, which causes a risk of ovarian torsion.
Ovarian cyst during pregnancy is a common occurrence - according to the same statistics, at least one in every thousand pregnant women is diagnosed with a cyst. In the main body, cysts are harmless - the chance that the cyst will go to the stage of a cancerous tumor is usually no more than one to twenty-five thousand. Ultrasound in most cases can help determine whether the ovary is benign or malignant: if the cyst contains only a liquid, then most likely it does not carry any threat.
How much can this be dangerous?
However, even benign education can be dangerous for a pregnant woman - if the cyst reaches a very large size, then an ovary torsion or a cyst can break - this can lead to acute pain, bleeding, and potentially premature birth or miscarriage. If the cyst reached five to seven centimeters in diameter, then a surgical operation to remove the cyst is usually prescribed, especially if the tendencies to reduce the cyst are imperceptible. During pregnancy, the most favorable time for such an operation is the second trimester of pregnancy. Most often, the removal of the cyst is done with laparoscopy, but with too large a cyst, laparotomy can be used.
The most dangerous during pregnancy is considered to be two different types of ovarian cysts. The first of these is called cystic adenoma, or cystoadenoma. A cyst of this type contains either mucus (with a mucosal variety of cystadenoma) or a watery fluid (if the cystoadenoma is serous / watery). The size of the cystoadenoma can be more than twenty centimeters in diameter. Growth of the cyst of this variety is accompanied by very unpleasant and pronounced painful symptoms, primarily - a constant strong and sharp pain.
The second type of cyst, in which there is a significant danger to a woman bearing a baby, is the endometrioid of the cyst (also often called "chocolate"). This variety is a consequence of endometriosis, a phenomenon in which uterine tissue grows beyond its limits, in this case, the ovaries. "Chocolate" this variety is called for the fact that the contents of cysts in this case is a bloody brown substance that looks like chocolate. If there is a rupture of the cyst, it results in a hemorrhage into the abdominal cavity. The way the endometrioid cyst is formed largely depends on the hormonal background. During pregnancy, the level of estrogen increases, which leads to an increased proliferation of endometrioid cysts of the ovaries.
How the ovarian cyst affects the ability to become pregnant
In some cases, the formation of a number of cysts can lead to the inability to become pregnant. One of the most common causes of infertility is polycystic ovary. This pathology does not always lead to the appearance of multiple ovarian cysts, in some cases leading only to glitches in the hormonal background with an increase in the production of insulin and testosterone. This phenomenon, in turn, does not give a normal flow of the process of ovulation, fertilization and attachment of the egg to the uterine mucosa.
In almost all cases, polycystic ovarian therapy does not require surgical intervention. Let's say more - the most effective and common method of eliminating polycystic ovaries requires only bringing the body weight to the norm. In nine cases out of ten, as soon as the mass of the woman comes back to normal - changes in the body lead to the fact that the balance of hormones is leveled, thereby normalizing the processes of conception and ovulation.