In the presence of adhesions in the fallopian tubes obstruction is observed, which increases the risk of ectopic pregnancy and infertility. According to statistics, this deviation occurs in 25% of women who can not have a child. The cause of formation in the small pelvis of adhesions can be inflammatory diseases that develop against the background of infections, especially those that are sexually transmitted - gonorrhea, hladimiosis. Inflammation can be triggered by severe labor, abortion, the use of intrauterine contraceptives. Adnexitis, endometriosis (especially with a high degree of spread), salpingitis cause the formation of adhesions in the fallopian tubes.
Operations related to the removal of uterine fibroids, appendix, ovarian cysts, endometrial polyps, ectopic pregnancy also play an unfavorable role. Synechia (adhesions) inside the fallopian tube can take up a different space, so the obstruction of the uterine tube is complete or partial. Even because of minor adhesions, the sperm can not meet the egg, especially if one considers that this process is carried out in the lumen of the fallopian tube. Even if the sex cells have merged, the adhesions will not allow the fertilized egg to penetrate into the uterine cavity. In this case, the fertilized egg will continue to develop on site, which will lead to tubal form of an ectopic pregnancy.
Sometimes in the fallopian tubes the adhesive process proceeds without any symptoms. Therefore, often a woman does not even suspect that her hormonal balance has been disturbed in her body, since the menstrual cycle passes without violations, the problem is revealed only after numerous attempts to become pregnant (all attempts failed). Diagnosis of adhesions can be done with the help of salpingography. This method of diagnosis is that a special contrast fluid is injected into the lumen of the fallopian tubes, after which an X-ray examination is performed. A similar procedure takes place before ovulation, because irradiation of a fertilized egg can cause harm.
The passage of the fallopian tubes is determined with the help of sonosalpingoscopy. During this procedure, sterile saline is injected into the lumen of the fallopian tubes, followed by ultrasound examination of the fallopian tubes.
Laparoscopy is carried out not only to cure the disease, but also with a diagnostic purpose. In the abdominal wall through the navel a small hole is made, into which a laparoscope is inserted, after which the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries are examined. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia. Simultaneously, the colored solution is injected through the cervical canal, after which it is observed as it penetrates into the abdominal cavity. If there is a difficulty of penetration, this may indicate complete obstruction or partial obstruction of the fallopian tubes. If adhesions are found on the surfaces of the pelvic organs, they are removed in the laparoscopic invasion.
Spikes can be cured only by resorting to their physical removal. Previously, the physical removal of adhesions was carried out with the help of laparotomy (cavitary surgery). Today this method is not used, but a more gentle endoscopic method is used, which helps to prevent postoperative complications, spikes in the small pelvis is no exception.
When using laparoscopy, blood loss can be significantly reduced. Moreover, it is possible to shorten the recovery period after surgery. The effectiveness of this method depends on the degree of localization of the fusion. For example, if the obstruction of the fallopian tubes is complete, then this method is not effective, because it is not possible to restore the normal functioning of the ciliated epithelium, which lining the lumen of the tube, as a result, the ability to conceive the child remains sufficiently low. In a similar situation, a woman is advised to resort to IVF (in vitro fertilization).