Symptoms of the disease.
Urolithiasis is the formation in the urinary tract and kidney stones as a result of congenital metabolic disorders. Various metabolic links can be disrupted, therefore, stones are formed differently. In violation of the exchange of oxalic acid, oxalates, calcium and phosphorus are formed - calcium phosphates, uric acid - urates. Sometimes the nature of the stones is mixed (conglomerates of 2-3 different salts).
Factors that can become a prerequisite for stone formation: the composition of water in a certain area (it can contain, for example, a lot of calcium), a hot climate or, on the contrary, a shortage of sunny days a year, the nature of food, lack of minerals and vitamins in food, disease bone system, fractures of bones, dehydration of the body, diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract.
Stones can form in the bladder and ureters, in the pelvis of the kidneys, and manifest as pains in the hip area, in one side of the waist, in the abdomen, frequent urination, the removal of small stones and sand with urine, the appearance of blood in the urine. Characterized by attacks of renal colic - cramping sharp pains where the stone blocked the lumen of the urinary tract. Almost always urolithiasis is accompanied by an inflammatory process in the urinary tract and kidneys.
Nutrition in case of illness.
The metabolism is carried out by the intake and processing of liquid and nutrients supplied with food into the body. Therefore, patients with urolithiasis in their diet should take into account the composition of stones, the acidity of urine and the peculiarities of metabolism. To do this, you must follow the following rules:
- daily, you should drink an increased amount of fluid to reduce the concentration of urine and the excretion of salts with it;
- if there is a certain family metabolic disorder (for example, gout), then it is necessary to limit the intake of food substances from which stones form in the urinary tract;
- food should create a predominantly acidic or alkaline urine reaction in the body (this depends on the nature of the stones: some dissolve better in an acidic environment, others in an alkaline medium);
- It is not necessary to overeat, from it metabolic processes are broken.
Any diet is prescribed for a limited period of time, the duration of which is set by the doctor. Long-term restriction in any products can cause irreversible damage to the body.
- Diet for patients with urolithiasis with impaired uric acid metabolism.
If there is a violation of uric acid metabolism, gout develops, which leads to changes in the joints. In the kidneys, urates are formed - stones from uric acid salts. To prevent stone formation, it is necessary to exclude from the diet of the patient products rich in purine bases, from which uric acid is formed in the body. These are meat and fish broths, fish, meat of young animals, meat by-products, mushrooms, peanuts, legumes, cauliflower.
Recommended: fruits, vegetables, berries, cereals, eggs, bread, dairy products. Fish and meat can only be consumed in boiled form.
Urates are formed in the acid reaction of urine, therefore, its alkalization is required, this occurs with the use of milk-plant food, as well as alkaline drinking (slightly alkaline mineral water, such as "Slavyanovskaya").
- Diet for patients with urolithiasis with impaired exchange of oxalic acid.
Violation of the exchange of oxalic acid leads to the formation in the urinary tract of its salts - oxalates. Their formation does not depend on the acidity of urine. In this metabolic disturbance from the diet, it is necessary to exclude products containing oxalic acid (chocolate, cocoa, fig, lettuce, spinach, all dairy products), and limit the use of foods containing a lot of vitamin C (citrus, dog rose, etc.). Also limited to all dishes based on gelatin (jelly, jelly), smoked, spicy dishes, seasonings, salt.
In small quantities, the use of tomatoes, onions, potatoes, beets, carrots, blueberries and currants is allowed. Other fruits and vegetables can be eaten without restrictions. Help to cleanse the body of oxalates dogwood, grapes, apples, pears, plums.
The formation of oxalate stones is often combined with a deficiency in the body of magnesium. Therefore, you can recommend foods rich in magnesium: shrimp, some varieties of fish (sea bass, carp, flounder), bananas. The positive influence is rendered by the products rich with vitamin A (fish caviar, fish oil) and B6 (shrimps, bananas). The liquid must be taken necessarily in large quantities - juices, compotes, tea, water, etc.
- Diet for patients with urolithiasis with impaired metabolism of phosphoric acid.
When the phosphorus-calcium metabolism is broken, there is an increased release of phosphoric acid with the formation of stones in the urinary system. Insoluble salts fall out when the urine is alkaline, so food that acidifies urine is required. In the diet should be fats of vegetable and animal origin, fish, meat, eggs, peas, beans, porridges of oat and buckwheat, fruits (apples), berries (cranberries, cranberries) and some vegetables (pumpkin).
Excluded from the diet are all other fruits and vegetables, milk and dairy products. With this diet, there are many restrictions, so it is recommended in addition to taking vitamin-mineral complexes that do not contain vitamin D.