Compromising material found
In the unspoken medical terminology there is such a thing as a "compromised gallbladder". This means that it no longer fulfills its functions, because in it (or in the bile ducts) stones are formed, and the person develops cholelithiasis. The outflow of bile is disturbed, which means that infections penetrate the body more easily, the walls of the gallbladder and ducts become inflamed. Neighbors - the pancreas, duodenum, stomach - are actively involved in the inflammatory process, and doctors diagnose acute cholecystitis. Worse, when the stone clogs not only the bile duct, but also the pancreatic duct. Then bile can not get to the destination, and its acids and pigments are absorbed into the blood. There is intoxication (poisoning with toxic substances) and so-called mechanical jaundice (in person yellow eye proteins, skin). If the pancreas is affected (acute pancreatitis and pancreatic necrosis), a life threat can occur. In order not to bring yourself to such an extreme, immediately consult a doctor at the first sign of cholelithiasis.
Ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity
With the help of ultrasound, violations in the work of organs are revealed. Their size and condition are visible on the monitor screen. The method is used very often, it is the gold standard of modern medicine.
CT scan
Investigation of human internal organs using X-rays. Contrast substance is injected into a vein, blood spreads it throughout the body. After that do a lot of layered pictures, evaluate them and get reliable data on the state of organs. The method is used to refine the diagnosis, when the results of ultrasound are controversial. Endoscopic fibrogastroduodenoscopy (FGDS). A thin probe consisting of fibrous optics is introduced through the mouth to the patient. It transmits an image of the mucosa of the esophagus, stomach or duodenum to the monitor. The technique allows to assess the condition of the mucous membrane of the upper sections of the gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopic retrograde pancreatocholangiography (RPHG).
Contrast substance using a special device - an endoscope - is injected into the place of the flow of the gall bladder into the intestine. During RPCH it is possible to remove small stones from the bile ducts. Used rarely, only for special indications.
Modern methods allow you to see the first signs of cholelithiasis and do it almost painlessly and without serious consequences for the body, no more than an hour. Historical fact: when the eleventh US president, James Polk, was 17 years old, he was removed from the gallbladder. Doctors spent anesthesia, watering the future president with cognac. Present patients can not be afraid of such a radical approach: during the operation they are provided with deep sleep under general anesthesia.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy. It is performed with the help of special thin instruments, which are inserted into the abdominal cavity through four small holes, up to one centimeter. So remove the gallbladder along with the stones. After the operation, there are almost no traces on the skin. This method has undoubted advantages over the classical stone removal operation: infection during manipulation is excluded, traumatism is minimal, short (up to 4-5 days) period of hospitalization, rapid return to the habitual way of life.
Classical operation. During it make a fairly wide incision of the abdomen. There is a seam of 10-12 cm in length. Rehabilitation period from seven days and more is needed.
New life
To quickly recover from surgery, the doctor can recommend the use of low-carbonated mineral waters: "Naftusi", "Berezovskaya", "Luzhanskaya", "Glade Kvasova". But the water resorts are allowed to leave only after 6-8 months: overload the gastrointestinal tract is not yet worth it.
During the year should follow the diet number 5: low fat content in dishes, exclude fried, spicy and sour. Animal fats should be limited to the maximum, replacing them with plant. The advantage of the latter is the ability to stimulate the metabolism in the liver and reduce the tendency of bile to stone formation. It is very useful to add fiber to the diet. It is rich in apples, cabbage, bananas, salads from vegetables.
Security Strategy
Healthy eating. To drink twice a year a multivitamin complex on the recommendation of a doctor, include more vegetables and fruits in the diet. Doing sports. Running, swimming, cycling are ardent opponents of cholelithiasis.
Art therapy. Psychologists advise with a tendency to "stone ailment" more often to use in everyday life green and blue colors - they have a positive effect on the nervous system. "Calm and only calm!" - was invented not only for the heroes of children's books and cartoons, but also for the health of internal organs.
Hazard Signals
Pain in the right upper quadrant, especially after a heavy fat meal or dinner, nausea, vomiting, fever up to 38 degrees. Be careful: pain can be given in the right arm or shoulder blade, felt in the lower back or under the collarbone. To determine the cause of malaise, you need a qualitative diagnosis. Risk groups Pregnant women, people with overweight, endocrine disabilities, hereditary predisposition. Gallstone disease affects women 4-5 times more often than men. Exhibition of stones They are formed as a result of the deposition of dense particles of bile. Mostly the stones consist of cholesterol, bilirubin (bile pigment) and calcium salts. Their sizes range from a few millimeters to 10 cm in diameter. Quantity - from one to 30.