A child is dependent on an adult at an early age. Norms of behavior kid master with the help of adults: mom, dad, close relatives. Gestures and signs the baby communicates with adults. The kid is already interested in touching everything with his own hands, what kind of toy is soft or rubber, he starts climbing everywhere - he opens the night tables himself, sprinkles croup. He needs to know all the objects to the touch. The child must constantly communicate with the adult. But the child can not ask for help and say something without mastering the speech.
Communication with the child depends entirely on adults, how he can organize this communication, what requirement to make to the baby. If a child has a lack of communication with an adult, he is only looked after and only satisfied with needs, then such children fall short of their speech development. Conversely, if an adult pays attention to the child through a chur, catches his gesture on the fly, performs all that he wants, then such a kid can go without speech for a long time. But when adults force a child, they say clearly words, this is another matter, only in this case the baby does the will of the parents.
The need to communicate develops through communication with an adult about the subject activity. It is through the objective activity that a child can learn the meaning of words, images of objects.
In early childhood speech is formed in two directions: the kid understands the speech of an adult and his own speech is formed.
A child can not immediately speak with sentences. First he learns to relate words to objects. For example, my mother says to him: "Now, this is Zaika's toy." The child looks at the toy, remembers what it looks like. After a while, my mother may ask: "Where is the Bunny?". After that, the child looks for a look, where his toy is. But not all adults, the baby reacts equally. He can show his mother where his fingers, nose, mouth are, and he can ignore the requests of other adults. Mother and child are in close contact, even by the intonation of her voice or look the child understands everything.
In the first months of the second year, if the child knows the name and how the object looks, then telling him "Give Me a Bear", the child will give it to an adult, provided that Mishka will lie somewhere nearby. If the kid does not see the toy, then he will start looking for it with a look, reacting to the request of an adult. If there is a Bunny, Mishka, Cheburashka and an adult repeating "Give Cheburashka" several times before the child, then the child's glance will slide over all the toys and stop on the toy and necessarily reach for it with a pen. But not always it happens, if a child loves more Bunny, then he will choose his favorite game.
For the child of the second year of life, at the request of an adult, it is much easier to begin to perform an action than to stop doing what has been started. He understands the word "NOT", but magically it does not work for him, as would be desirable. For example, little Misha tries to insert a nail into the socket, his mother screams "You can not!", But the boy tries to stick a nail anyway, he does not understand that it is dangerous.
Only in the third year, the indication of the cessation of actions is positive. The kid already listens attentively, what adults are talking about, he is already trying to understand their conversation. Children are already attentively listening to fairy tales, poems.
Listening and understanding are important acquisitions for the child. With his help speech is the main means of knowing reality.
Active speech develops in a child up to a year and a half, but slowly their number is on the order of 30-40 to 100 words.
After one and a half years the child begins to make attempts to pronounce those words that he is not familiar with, that is, he takes the initiative. By the end of the second year, there are 300 words in his vocabulary, by the third year - 500-1500 words.
The speech of the child is not like the speech of an adult at first. Such a speech is called autonomous. The kid uses words that the adult would not have used. They are more accessible to children for pronunciation. "Milk" he pronounces as "mocha".
With proper speech education, autonomous speech quickly disappears. If the adult clearly pronounces the words, then the kid also strives for this, if on the contrary he supports an autonomous speech, the child will speak badly for a long time.
In early childhood, the formation of the grammatical structure of speech. At the beginning of the sentence, children consist of two words that do not change by birth and case. Later the speech of the child becomes connected.
By the end of the early age, the little ones themselves already make up words in sentences.
Communication between the child and the adult is of great importance for the child's mental development.