The best option is to consult a gynecologist who will prescribe an oral contraceptive based on tests and visual examination. If for any reason it is not possible to contact a specialist for the selection of hormonal contraceptives, you can do it yourself. The main rule of choice: the quality of menstruation, reflecting the hormonal background. Abundant and prolonged menstrual bleeding indicates a marked activity of estrogens, scant and short - on the activity of gestagens. Criteria for an adequate choice of oral contraceptive: good health, no intermenstrual bleeding, disappearance of PMS.
Contraceptive for smokers
Estrogen-containing contraceptive and smoking - concepts are incompatible. Chronic nicotine intoxication in itself harms the body of a woman, and in combination with the use of combined (progestin + estrogen) contraceptives, the negative effect of nicotine rises several times.
Risks and consequences:
- blood coagulability increases;
- there is a short-term vasospasm;
- the movement of blood through the veins and blood vessels is difficult;
- the risk of blood clots increases, which leads to myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, stroke.
Contraceptive pills for smoking women should not contain estradiol valerate, ethinyl estradiol, estradiol hemihydrate. They can take oral contraceptives without estrogen ("mini-drank"): Charozetta, Microlut, Laktineth, Eksluton. The index of Pearl "mini-saws" is 0.5-4. These drugs reliably protect against unplanned pregnancy and have a gentle effect on the body, but worse control the cycle, which leads to permanent intermenstrual bleeding. "Mini-pili" is recommended to be taken continuously in a pill a day from the first day of menstrual bleeding. Alternative methods of protection: hormonal spiral, hormonal implant, non-hormonal drug Benatex .
Contraceptive for nulliparous
For non-generic girls and sexually active adolescents, modern combined oral contraceptives are ideal. They include progestagen and ethinyl estradiol, they are highly effective in preventing pregnancy and a variety of therapeutic effects - soften the symptoms of PMS, stop pain, control the menstrual cycle. In adolescents who regularly take combined contraceptives, the manifestations of dysmenorrhea disappear, the volume of blood loss in menstruation diminishes, and the hormonal balance is restored.
Contraceptives for girls:
Gynecologists do not recommend placing an endometrial spiral in women because of a high risk of complications: inflammation (uterus, cervix, appendages), damage to the cervix, excessive uterine bleeding, thinning of the endometrium, which is fraught with miscarriages at various stages of pregnancy, infertility. To nulliparous girls and teenagers it is more expedient to use safer methods of protection: non-hormonal suppositories of Benatex , condoms, hormonal contraceptive pills .
Contraceptive after abortion and miscarriage
Adequately selected contraception after abortion or miscarriage plays an important role - it helps normalize the hormonal background, prevents the occurrence of inflammatory processes in the genitals, prevents erosion of the cervix, protects against endometriosis, reduces the severity of bleeding. After medical abortion, the mucosa of the uterus cavity is injured, repeated pregnancy is strictly contraindicated, but the ability to conceive is restored already on the 8-12th day, therefore, the choice of oral contraceptive pills should be approached responsibly.
Contraception after abortion and miscarriage
Combined contraceptives. They include low dosages of estrogen and modern progestogens. Indicated for admission on the 1-2 day after the abortion. Reduce the duration of spotting, reduce the intensity of uterine contractions, control body temperature, prevent inflammation of the pelvic organs, reduce the number of early complications:
- monophasic (Regulon, Yarina, Lindineth-30, Belara);
- three-phase (Triziston, Trinovium, Trikvilar).
Gestagennye contraceptives ("mini-drank"): Charozetta, Microlut, Laktineth, Eksluton. They differ in good contraceptive effectiveness, do not increase blood pressure, do not increase the risk of thrombosis, do not change the functional parameters of the liver.
Contraceptive after pregnancy and caesarean section
Hormonal contraceptives of the latest generation guarantee 99% protection against unwanted pregnancy, but 1% remains when the drug is conceived when taking the drug. Contraceptive during pregnancy, the fetus does not harm, physicians do not have reliable information about the existing relationship between contraceptive use and malformations in the infant, if a woman takes the pill for not more than 1 month of pregnancy. Starting from the 6th week, the fetus begins to form a sexual system, sensitive to the action of hormones, so taking pregnant medications of this group can provoke functional disorders in the child. After learning about a woman's pregnancy, you need to contact a gynecologist who will suggest the best way to solve the problem.
Methods of contraception after childbirth and cesarean:
Spermicides (Benatex, Pharmatex, Contraceptin). Used when resuming sexual relations against the background of lactation or in combination with other methods of protection. The reliability of the method is 90-92%, the contraceptive effect occurs after 5-15 minutes after administration, lasts 2-6 hours.
Gestagennye oral contraceptives (Charozetta, Microlut, Laktionet, Eksluton). Preparations of this group begin to take 6-6.5 weeks after delivery. With regular and adequate use of mini-pills, their contraceptive efficacy reaches 97-98%.
Combined OK . Admission of gestagen estrogens is possible only if breastfeeding is discontinued, because estrogen has a negative effect on the quality / quantity of breast milk, reduces the duration of lactation. Tablets should be taken on a specific schedule, without omissions. Contraceptive reliability of COC is 99-100%.
Contraception after caesarean section is similar to protection after natural delivery, the difference is one - the pill should be started taking 8-9 weeks after birth.
Contraceptive for varicose veins and ovarian cysts
Varicose disease does not refer to absolute contraindications to the use of hormonal contraception, however, the progestins included in the preparations of gestagens and estrogens can worsen blood clotting and the condition of venous vessels. To exclude the risk of serious pathology - deep vein thrombosis, it is recommended that when a continuous oral contraceptive is taken, see a phlebologist. The appearance of swelling of the lower extremities, pain, discomfort, heaviness against the background of taking hormonal tablets - an occasion for immediate treatment to a specialist.
Hormonal contraceptives in the ovarian cyst of a functional genesis are used as a priority method of treatment. Temporary cysts (functional) occur in women of reproductive age, with properly selected conservative therapy, after 2-3 months. With uncombined cysts, two-phase and monophasic oral contraceptives are shown in conjunction with acupuncture and vitamin therapy.
Contraceptive when breastfeeding
Contraceptive for mastopathy and uterine myoma
Combined oral contraceptives for mastopathy are the preferred method of contraception. In women who take COC for a long time, the condition improves significantly, the menstrual cycle stabilizes, the soreness of the mammary glands disappears, and a progressive decrease in the frequency of mastopathy occurs. Drugs of choice: monophasic COC (Lindineth-20, Yarina , Janine , Regulon ), COC with low androgenic activity (Jeanine, Jess).
COC with uterine myoma - a benign tumor of myometrium, correct the hormonal background, which contributes to slowing down the growth / recessive process of fibroids. Drugs of choice: Jeanine, Regulon, Lindineth-20/30.
Contraceptive in endometriosis
Monophasic combined contraceptive in endometriosis has a therapeutic effect on the myometrium and endometrium, the effectiveness of treatment of the disease with drugs of this group is 57-59%. Drugs of choice: Jeanine , Regulon , Yarina .