The crumbs menu of the second year of life is significantly different from the one-year-old baby's diet. Still would! After all, it's time for the baby to gradually move to the "adult" table.
The family happily celebrated the first anniversary of the baby - the crumb blew out the candle on the birthday cake (so far only one), received a bunch of presents, heard many kind words from the guests ... What are the useful products for kids up to 3 years old to choose? Domestic people are now increasingly observing how much the child began to change every day, not only externally ... As pediatricians say, this period is characterized by high growth rates of the child.
Gastrointestinal tract of crumbs too begins to change actively, but still remains imperfect. This is due to the insufficiently developed function of the digestive glands, which are responsible for the breakdown of proteins, fats and carbohydrates.
That is why children's nutritionists strongly advise parents to present special requirements for nutrition and products for the baby of the second year of life. After all, the illiterate organization of a child's nutrition can cause serious problems at an older age. For example, a lack of iron can lead to a decrease in the pace of psychomotor development at an early age, the ability to remember and focus in school years.
Deficiency of iodine leads to disruption of the formation of the thyroid gland, delayed neuropsychiatric development, decreased immunity. Deficiency of calcium and vitamin D has unfavorable consequences for bone tissue. By the way, it is proved that calcium is most actively deposited in the bones in childhood, during the growth period. In order to ensure that the child receives all the necessary nutrients and at the same time prevents the excess of others, the diet should be varied.
High-grade protein , iron, zinc, vitamins B2 and B6 make meat an indispensable product in the baby's nutrition of the second year. In meat, unlike other products of animal origin, iron is easily digestible (especially in beef and turkey). Cooking crumbs can be all kinds of animal meat: lean beef, veal, pork, poultry, rabbit - in the form of cutlets, stewed or boiled. By the way, cutlets must be steamed or stewed in a pan (without crusty crust!). But the rich meat broths, especially on bones, kids of the second year of life are not recommended. Unfortunately, no protein, no mineral salts, no vitamins pass into the broth. But in the menu of children of 1,5-3 years in preschool institutions all the same include soups on chicken or meat broth. Dieticians have different opinions about this dish - there is one indisputable plus in it, and, at the same time, minus is the so-called extractive substances. On the one hand, they stimulate the appetite, give a special taste to the first dishes, on the other - extractive substances increase the production of digestive enzymes, and this creates additional stress on the digestive glands of the baby and can lead to malfunction in their work. For the same reason, children are not given fatty meat and various meat gravy. Useful products for a baby up to 3 years old can be low-fat meat, a variety of fruits and vegetables and natural juices.
By-products
In the by-products (liver, heart, tongue), in comparison with meat, the level of protein and iron is lower, but the content of micronutrients (zinc, copper, manganese) that participate in hematopoiesis is higher. Therefore, they can be advised to children with a low level of hemoglobin. But the amount of fat and extractive substances in by-products is large enough, so they should not be used more than once in 7-10 days.
A separate group of meat products are different types of sausages, sausages and sausages. For children of preschool age, special sausage products have been developed, which are produced according to a special recipe, with increased requirements to the quality of raw materials. But in the second year of life the use of even specialized sausages should rather be an exception than the rule. The norm of natural meat per day for a child under 2 years is 60-70.
Like meat, fish is a source of high-quality protein, iron and vitamin B12. In marine fish there is a significant amount of iodine and fluoride, there are also iron, but it is digested worse. Fish oils are high in food value. This uniqueness is associated with the presence of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the Omega-3 class. They play an important role in the development of brain structures, organs of vision, immunity, circulatory system. For children's menu, lean types of fish - cod, haddock, and pike-perch are best. The daily rate is the same as for meat. Fish dishes are prepared 1-2 times a week, for replacement with meat. Salted fish and caviar are not used for preparing dishes for children of the second year of life because of the excessive quantity of salt in them, and seafood (crabs, shrimps, trepangs, squids, lobsters, etc.) - due to high potential allergenicity and a significant amount extractive substances. The exception is kelp (sea kale). Salad from it can be offered to a child aged 1.5-2 years (20-25 g). But children with kidney failure should be given kelp with caution.
Eggs
Eggs are rich in a full-fledged animal protein - ideal for the content and balance of all essential amino acids. In addition, they contain vitamins A, D, B2, beta-carotene. In the second year of life the baby can eat 1/2 eggs a day or 2-3 eggs a week. Raw eggs can not be consumed.
In the second year of the baby's life, it is advisable to continue using special baby milk, kefir, yogurt. Closer to two years, you can introduce still ryazhenka and varenets. The amount of milk, along with sour-milk products, per day should be at least 500 ml. In addition, cheese - about 5 grams, sour cream - 10 grams, butter - 20 grams, cottage cheese - 50 grams per day (or the form of casseroles, syrnikov 100-200 grams, several times a week). Fat content of dairy products should not be high: milk - up to 3.2%, cottage cheese - up to 9%, sour cream - up to 20%.
These products make up the lion's share of the baby's diet - up to 70%, they give the baby energy.
Young children can eat wheat and rye bread. Undesirable - whole-grain. The recommended amount of bread in the diet of the first three years is 15-20 g rye and 50-60 g wheat. The most valuable of the pasta are those that are made from durum wheat. They contain higher levels of protein and vitamins.
Among cereals, buckwheat and oat are preferred. They contain a lot of protein, minerals (magnesium, zinc, copper), vitamins. Rice is also good - it is more than in other cereals, carbohydrates. You can use and corn groats - on nutritional value, it comes close to rice. But the value of semolina is small, but because of its good taste, it can still sometimes be present on the children's table. In addition, it is indispensable for casseroles. To increase its nutritional value will help added fruits and dried fruits. Not used for children's dishes (up to 3 years) indigestible pearl barley and barley. Millet is quite acceptable, but it is desirable in the company with rice or pumpkin.
In the diet of children of the second year of life you can use raw vegetables. Excluded only their sharp representatives - radish, radish. For the preparation of the first, second dishes and desserts you can use both fresh and frozen vegetables, fruits and berries. On the day the baby should receive up to 300 grams of vegetables and 150 g of fruit. Dried fruits are used after a year as a part of cereals, compotes, kissels, desserts. However, the amount of dried fruit should not exceed 50 g per week.
Beans
It is a plant source of high-grade protein and essential amino acids. Especially a lot of protein in soy. Reduce gassing with the use of legumes can be, if they are properly boiled and if possible to release from the skin. In the diet of the baby of the first years of life, peas and beans are widely used, as well as specialized liquid dairy soy products and cottage cheese. Other soy products for babies are not recommended.
Edible fats
Vegetable oils differ in the content of Omega-6 and Omega-3 fatty acids, as well as in the content of vitamin E. Omega-6 fatty acids are found in all vegetable oils, so there is no deficit. Omega-3 acid only soy, rapeseed and linseed oil are rich. Vitamin E is abundant in soybean oil. The daily dose of vegetable oil for children under 3 years - 5-7 g (this is 1-2 teaspoonfuls).
Sugar and confectionery
Children after a year not suffering from allergies, you can give honey (1-2 teaspoons 2-3 times a week). From confectionery to the ration of kids after a year include marshmallow, pastille, marmalade, jam, jam, jam, cookies, in an amount of 10-15 grams per day. Chocolate and products from it do not give children up to 3 years. Although as a flavor additive, it (in small amounts) is sometimes included in children's porridges of industrial production.
Beverages
The most popular are juices, compotes, kissels, fruit drinks. Juices are best used by specialized children or domestic. Do not forget that excessive consumption of such fruit drinks can lead to loosening of the stool, so their amount should not exceed 200-300 ml per day. Kissels are not used more than 1-2 times a week.
Closer to 2 years in the children's diet includes a weak black and green teas. After a year you can offer your child a drink from chicory. With milk, this drink is very tasty. After 1-1,5 years, crumbs can be given cocoa, but only in the morning, as it activates the activity of the nervous and cardiac system. But cocoa and tea is better not to drink after meat dishes, because the substances contained in them reduce the absorption of iron.
Salt and spices
A significant part of the salt enters the body of the child with conventional products. The rate of salt intake for crumbs is 0.5-1 g per day. Simply put, food for the child should be salted so that it seemed that it was not salted. You can use iodized salt while cooking children's meals. From spices, in very small doses, you can use sweet and white pepper, bay leaf, basil, thyme, coriander, marjoram, rosemary and sweet pepper.