Allergic kidney disease: nephritis

Jade is a general term used to describe inflammatory kidney disease. Each kidney contains about a million microscopic structural units, called nephrons. Each nephron consists of a network of tiny blood vessels (glomerulus) and tubules, which, merging, flow into the ureter, removing urine from the kidney into the bladder. The glomeruli are a place of filtration of liquid and waste from the blood.

In the tubules, most of the liquid and substances that the body still needs are reabsorbed. Allergic kidney nephritis is a common problem these days. Under normal conditions, 180 liters of primary urine are formed per day due to filtration, but only 1.5 liters are released. Nephritis occurs in the following diseases:

In addition, the difficulty of excreting urine due to an enlarged prostate, uterus or ureter valve (in children) is a predisposing factor to urinary tract infection, which is associated with the development of acute pyelonephritis. Diseases accompanied by an abnormal immune response (autoimmune diseases), including systemic lupus erythematosus and nodular periarteritis, may also be the cause of nephritis. With systemic lupus erythematosus, the glomeruli of the kidneys are damaged, both in adults and in children. Nodular periarteritis (arterial wall disease) often affects middle-aged and elderly men. A kidney biopsy can reveal damage to the walls of arterial vessels of medium size. As with other kidney diseases, a detailed examination is necessary to establish an accurate diagnosis. The study of kidney function includes:

It is necessary to conduct a thorough examination of a patient suffering from acute nephritis, during which the amount of drunk and excreted liquid will be recorded daily. Blood pressure should be measured regularly. In the case of increased pressure, the administration of appropriate medications is necessary. To treat infections, antibiotics are used. An important role is played by a diet with a low salt content. In severely ill patients, it is necessary to limit the consumption of protein in food. In some cases, the appointment of corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide (cytotoxic drugs). Patients suffering from kidney failure, which is associated with glomerulonephritis, can be prescribed hemodialysis. Patients with nephrotic syndrome are recommended a diet low in salt. Some of them are prescribed corticosteroid therapy in large doses, which helps prevent the intake of protein into the urine. Diuretics are used to increase the volume of urine output. They are prescribed for massive edema. Patients suffering from acute pyelonephritis need antibiotics. Timely treatment of urinary tract infections in children is important to prevent hypertension and kidney failure in the future. Surgery aimed at restoring passage of urine can prevent the development of chronic pyelonephritis.