You are not happy with how your little one says: half of the letters he just does not pronounce, the end of words swallows, lisp. And you do not know what to do with this and who to contact first. But the right answer is to the child's psychoneurologist. It is this specialist who can immediately assess the neuropsychological development of the child, distinguish the normal age-related tongue-tied speech from speech defects and, if it deems it necessary, send it to the speech therapist.
One of the most important specialists for a child of "conversational" age is a speech therapist. He knows exactly how to teach a child to speak correctly. Many parents think: "There is no need to go to a speech therapist. In the end, the health of the child does not depend on whether he pronounces the letter "p" or not. " Yes, physical health does not depend. But social - still like that. After all, with the diction is directly related to building relationships with peers, educators, and then with teachers. Parents are extremely important to know the stages of development of children's speech, so that conversation with a specialist turned out to be meaningful.
In the course of two months, the baby begins an original stage of preparation for the development of speech. Usually the first after weeping articulate set of sounds, published by the child, is called a humming. From the side it may seem that the kid is singing. But this is his first attempt to speak correctly, his embryonic speech. The first child learns vowel sounds (a-aa, y-yu), later, from 2-3 months, consonant sounds (y-yu, m-ii) are wedged into this singing, and vowels already participate in it not individually, but are combined in different variations (eu-s, a-her).
At 4 MONTH the kid becomes akin to a little shepherdess who blows a pipe: al-le-lyy-lyu-ay. Such a walk and gave the corresponding name - in the manner of a pipe. The first days it is very short, but over time it becomes more confident and long. These sounds do not bear any verbal meaning, but they say that the baby feels well and is positive.
Council. This is the age when you just need to expand your communication with the child, talk to him as long as possible, trying to call back sounds, lively joy, a smile, laughter. It is necessary with the help of various subjects to master his attention, necessarily calling each of them. This is the only way to teach a child to speak correctly and clearly. But we must ensure that the baby is not overtired and his interest in communication is not exhausted.
From 7-8 MONTHS the stage of sensory speech begins. This is the time when the child is already able to connect the word he hears with a particular object. He is already fully able to understand the individual elements of adult speech. You can follow the reaction of the baby to the questions: "Where's Dad? Where is the dog? "- he will certainly turn towards the called face or object, show him the handle and noticeably brighten up.
IN THE AGE OF 9-10 MONTHS, the child is able to fulfill simple requests: to make "ladushki", to wave a pen, to give a toy. He already understands the meaning of certain words describing actions with objects, that is, verbs. By 10-11 months the child delves into the essence of the words "must" and "not", even if they are pronounced without emotional coloring. At the same age, the stock of words, the meaning of which is understandable to the child, reaches several dozen. Young children know the names of relatives, pet names, the names of body parts, toys and objects that surround them.
Active speech is also actively developing: the gulp turns into babbling. In 7-8 months the child begins to speak syllables (ma-ma-ma, yes-yes-yes). From 8.5-9.5 months babble is given a more expressive intonation, the child begins to imitate those sounds that he hears around him. The child begins to pronounce the same syllables in different ways, changing intonations and accents in an arbitrary order.
Council. Communicate with a child of this age is needed even more often. Do not be lazy to call with him everything you see: people around you, animals, any actions, in order to teach the child to understand and subsequently to call them. Try to encourage the child to fulfill your requests and instructions: "Give me a pen", "Open your mouth." But to replace the existing words with pseudo-childish simplifications during the conversation is by no means worth it. Yes, it is certainly easier for him to pronounce "bibika" instead of "machine", "am-am" instead of "eating". But do not forget that he hears something right! That's why we, starting to lisp with the baby, only confuse it, slowing down the development of speech of general intelligence. Help your baby! Pronounce the words correctly and clearly. Well, of course, it's worth while avoiding words that are too difficult to comprehend. It is not necessary to clarify to the child that before him "Westheimland White Terrier" - enough from him and just "dog."
From the 10 MONTHS the child begins the stage of motor speech. And he begins with the utterance of the first words. As a rule, these are simplified names of relatives, names of surrounding objects. Do not expect from the baby exceptional clarity. It often happens that the cat Barsik and grandfather Borya naiz mouth baby will sound the same - Baka. This does not mean that the little guy confuses his grandfather with the cat - just his speech apparatus for the time being is not available anymore.
Until half a year the baby uses all the nouns known to him only in the nominative case. It is still too early to talk about verbs and other parts of speech. And only closer to one and a half years there are first attempts to construct the simplest phrases that have a utilitarian character: "Baba, give." By the age of two, the time of the first period of questions comes: "What is this?". This suggests that the child is only interested in the name of the subject, not in its properties. Girls, by the way, mastering motor speech is given easier and it is faster than boys. Just do not think that this has anything to do with the intellect. This is not true.
At children from one year to one and a half years in an active of used words no more than 30-40. At this age, the main forces rush to understand the interlocutor: a kid by a year and a half perceives the whole sentence of speech addressed to him.
Council. It is necessary to actively and often call the child various living beings and objects, describe their properties and use for this verbs, adjectives and other parts of speech. To draw his attention to the existing links between them, for example: "Look, the cat is drinking milk." It is very important at this age to teach the child to perform more complex requests: "Bring a pencil", "Open a book". It is necessary to pay much attention to the development of his speech, seeking to increase the number of words understood and pronounced by the child. Their number reaches one and a half years and reaches forty, and then gradually to two and a half years it reaches three hundred. And here already there are not only nouns and verbs, but also adjectives, adverbs, other parts of speech. The main thing is to ensure that the child talks a lot. Even if it will be expressed in short sentences, but grammatically correctly constructed.
ON THE THIRD YEAR, children are able to understand the speech of an adult with all its nuances and semantic nuances. The time comes for phrases from several words, subordinate clauses, the beginning of the use of alliances and pronouns, which clearly speaks of the formation of the spiritual and intellectual world of the child.
Council. Working on the development of motor speech of the baby, you must seek the correct pronunciation of words. Let him try to change their endings, coordinate words in sentences. While the child is telling something, do not forget to note how expressive his voice is. It is not out of place to ask his opinion about what he is talking about. Let it be included in the thinking work. Try to encourage him to make independent judgments. During communication with him, one should try to speak the right language, so that the kid immediately learns to build his speech correctly.
At 4-5 YEARS the final phase in the development of language is coming. This is the age when children with ecstasy listen to stories and stories with complex subjects, trying to determine their attitude to the characters. They are able to build long phrases, correctly grammatically designed, and they are able to pronounce long monologues.
Council. Bring the child to the books, read as much as possible to him, try to drive children's plays, performances for children. This will subsequently serve you well, contributing to the further development of the right speech.
LEARN PLAYING
The task of the speech therapist is to help the child learn to speak correctly, getting rid of speech defects. On an individual lesson, the speech therapist tells and shows the kid how to locate the tongue, stretch out the lips, open the mouth, uttering problematic sounds.
HOW THE LEGOPEDE TAKES LESSONS
Always only on positive emotions. The specialist will necessarily try to interest the child through elements of the game or competition. By the way, you can stimulate these positive emotions yourself. Try just to have a baby diary, which will reflect his progress. Just do not forget to praise for them.
• Classes are usually held in front of the mirror.
• Each lesson lasts about 15-20 minutes, no more, as the baby quickly becomes tired and loses interest.
• It is necessary to ask the child before each occupation to wash hands thoroughly, to cut nails and to take with itself sterile napkins. During the exercises, the tongue of the soft palate does not obey, and the crumb takes it with dirty hands, while scratching and wounding the nails. Rankes can subsequently become inflamed.
DEFECTS IN CHILDREN'S SPEECH
STUTTERING
Usually occurs between the ages of 2 to 5 years. The main reasons are instability of the nervous system and exposure to stress (poor treatment of the baby, severe illness or severe fright). It is difficult to treat.
DISLAY
In this deviation, the pronunciation of sounds is disturbed. Usually speech becomes later quite clear by 5 years. Dysplasia is mechanical and functional. The first arises if the speech motor is incorrectly formed. The cause may be congenital disorders of the structure of the lips, jaws and palate, "hare lip" or underdevelopment of the jaws - "wolf mouth".
Also, the development of dyslasia can be affected by an incorrect bite due to too long use of the nipple (over 1 year old) or the habit of sucking a finger. Functional dyslasia can develop with an absolutely normal formed speech motor apparatus. The most common reasons for this: lisiness with children, lack of communication, underdevelopment of phonemic hearing. Usually these problems are easily solved after classes with a speech therapist.
RINOLALYA
Sometimes a child suffers from a hard or soft palate, or he has just suffered diphtheria. At this deviation, the air stream from the larynx during exhalation gets into the nose, causing violations of the voice and sound. To help the speech therapist in this case it is necessary to resort both before and after the operation to correct the defect.